What is medical peace work?
Medical peace work involves health professionals using the competencies, tools and opportunities at their disposal for preventing and reducing violence, and for building and promoting peace – with the ultimate goal of improving health.
Why do we need medical peace work?
- Violence has a huge impact on health. Violence, in its various forms, acting at different levels, is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality.
- Health professionals can easily become the perpetrators of violence. This can happen intentionally (through the abuse of power, through neglect, or omission), and unintentionally (by being part of a violent structure).
- Health professionals have a great potential to treat, prevent and reduce violence, as well as to build peaceful societies in their role as healers, mediators, bridge builders, advocates, and educators.
We will look further into these roles in this course.
Timing of peace work
Peace work can take place before a conflict turns violent, during violence, and after it has happened. We can borrow the concepts of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention from the discipline of public health. Primary prevention means interventions that attempt to stop a health problem from occurring in the first place. Infectious diseases, for example, may be prevented through better hygiene and vaccination. Secondary prevention involves interventions where a health problem already exists. It focuses on preventing further deterioration. An example is screening for cancer. Tertiary prevention depicts interventions, when acute health problems are under control, that can contribute towards preventing and mitigating the long-term negative effects. An example is physical therapy after a bone fracture.
Let’s apply these concepts now to the problem of violence!
Primary prevention of violence is peace work focusing on the reduction of risk factors, or the strengthening of protective factors. This can be in form of disarmament work, or in the form of promoting equal access to health services.
Secondary prevention of violence involves identification and early warning of violence, as well as initiatives for de-escalation and constructive handling of conflict.
Tertiary prevention of violence involves the 3 Rs which should be considered after violence has occurred: reconstruction, resolution of a conflict, and reconciliation.
Reflection point
What are some of the competencies, tools, and opportunities for peace work at the disposal of health professionals? Have you encountered any examples of these?
Write your comments in the general discussion area below, and read what others have written. When you are ready, move on to the next step.
If you would like to read more about this, take a look at Chapter 2: medical peace work – a response to violent conflict in Course 1 of the Medical Peace Work textbook
Addressing Violence Through Patient Care
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