Using a dictionary

Using a dictionary effectively is crucial not only in language learning in general, but specifically in checking or improving your academic writing. If you use a dictionary regularly it can help you to extend your range of vocabulary and improve your grammatical accuracy. Below are some of the different types of information that dictionaries provide about a word.

Spelling

Even if you are not sure about the spelling many online dictionaries have spell checks which can guide you towards the correct spelling.

What part(s) of speech it takes

For example, noun, adjective, adverb, verb, preposition, conjunction…

Pronunciation

Most online dictionaries have both the phonemic transcription and sound files which provide a model for pronunciation.

Meaning(s)

Many different words have several different meanings depending on context, and they are usually listed in order from the most common meaning down to the least common meaning.

Common phrases including a specific word

For example; on the other hand, hand in hand, out of hand.

Collocations

Combinations of words that often go together. For example;

VERB + NOUN reach a compromise

ADJECTIVE + NOUN high/low cost

ADVERB + ADJECTIVE slightly damaged

Grammatical structures relating to a specific word

For example;

reason for + NOUN

reason why + CLAUSE

Use in academic writing

Many dictionaries also indicate whether a word is often used in academic contexts.

You will probably already have a dictionary that provides translations between your first language and English, but you should also consider using an English-only dictionary.

There are many free dictionaries on the Internet and here are some that we recommend:

• Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online

• Cambridge Dictionary

• Oxford Living Dictionaries – English

• Macmillan Dictionary

However, many of these dictionaries also have a subscription version or apps for your mobile device, which you have to pay for, but which offer many useful additional features. They are usually relatively inexpensive, and are good value for money as a learning resource.