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The critical nature of isotopic engineering

We visit Professor Itoh again.

Join us as Keio’s Professor Kohei Itoh explains how his team works to control the isotopic concentration in materials to help several research groups around the world improve the quality of their qubits.

Most elements have several different types of nuclei, known as isotopes. For example, silicon, which is a common material for making computer chips, has three common isotopes, known as silicon-28, silicon-29, and silicon-30. Silicon-28 and -30 are “spin zero”, but silicon-29 is “spin one half”, the same as a single electron.

If we want to use the nuclear spin of silicon as a qubit, we can. However, if we are using electrons as qubits, or current or magnetic flux, then isotopes with non-zero nuclear spin can interfere with the electron state and cause decoherence. We would rather have a “quiet” environment, with no nuclear spins, as the base on which to build our quantum circuits. Reducing the presence of nuclei with spin is critical for several different technologies, such as quantum dots, as it helps improve the memory lifetime of a qubit.

量子情報技術における同位体工学

慶應義塾大学の伊藤公平教授の研究グループで行われている同位体の比率制御により量子ビットの精度を高める技術の研究を紹介します。

多くの元素は、同一の原子番号に対して異なる核種を持っていてこれを同位体と呼びます。例えば、コンピュータ内部の集積回路を作っているケイ素には多数の同位体がありますが、その中でも28Si、29Si、30Siの3種類の安定同位体があります。そのうち28Siと30Siはスピン0ですが、Si29は電子などのフェルミ粒子と同じでスピンが1/2となっています。

そのため電子スピン、電流、磁束などを利用して量子ビットを作ろうとする場合、Si29のようなスピン0ではないケイ素の同位体が電子状態に干渉を引き起こし、デコヒーレンスの原因となってしまいます。つまり、量子回路の基盤の設計にはスピン0で構成された元素の方が向きます。そしてスピンを持つ同位体を減少させる技術は、量子ドットをはじめとする量子ビットの持続時間に関わってくる様々な技術にとってとても重要な働きをします。

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Understanding Quantum Computers

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