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What are the Analects?

Imoportance of Rongo

Have you ever heard of the Analects of Confucius (Ch. Lun yu; J. Rongo)? Do you know what they are? And why should studying the Analects help you to understand Japanese culture?

Below is the text of a famous passage from the Analects that Prof. Takahashi introduces in the video. This quote still frequently pops up in everyday conversation in Japan. What do you think about this quote? Is there a similar saying in your country?

Original Chinese text

子曰、吾十有五而志乎学、三十而立、四十而不惑、五十而知天命、六十而耳順、七十而従心所欲不踰矩。

Japanese reading:

子(し)曰(いわ)く、吾十有五(われじゅうゆうご)にして学(がく)に志(こころざ)す。三十(さんじゅう)にして立(た)つ。四十(しじゅう)にして惑(まど)わず。五十(ごじゅう)にして天命(てんめい)を知(し)る。六十(ろくじゅう)にして耳順(みみしたが)う。七十(しちじゅう)にして心(こころ)の欲(ほっ)する所(ところ)に従(したが)えども、矩(のり)を踰(こ)えず。

Modern Japanese translation:

孔子が言った。私は十五歳で学問に志し、三十歳で、思想も、見識も確立した。四十歳で心の惑いもなくなり、五十歳で、天から与えられた使命を自覚した。六十歳で、何を聞いても耳にさからうことがなくなり、七十歳になると、自分の欲望のままに振舞っても、その行動が道徳からはずれることはなかった。(『論語抄』足利教育委員会(史跡足利学校事務所)編集・発行より)

English Translation

The Master said, “At fifteen, I had my mind bent on learning. At thirty, I stood firm. At forty, I had no doubts. At fifty, I knew the decrees of Heaven. At sixty, my ear was an obedient organ for the reception of truth. At seventy, I could follow what my heart desired, without transgressing what was right.” (Analects, II: 4; trans. James Legge)
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