Levels of vehicle automation
Level 0
SAE: The human driver is completely responsible for the control of the vehicle. The driver should control the vehicle steering and the pedals manually.NHTSA: No automation; the driver controls the vehicle.BASt: Driver only.Level 1
SAE: Assistance provided to driver by increasing or decreasing the acceleration by DAS, eg manual parking with help of sensor inputs.NHTSA: Function-specific automation.BASt: Assisted.Level 2
SAE: Automation of vehicle is made partial. This level combines two DAS to advance the driver support, eg auto parking.NHTSA: Combined specification automation.BASt: Partially automated.Level 3
SAE: Conditional automation. The system will control all the dynamic driving function, but the driver should be available to quickly take control over the vehicle on request, eg adaptive cruise control.NHTSA: Limited self-driving automation.BASt: Highly automated.Level 4
SAE: Has all the same properties of Level 3; when a driver is not available on request then the vehicle will continue to operate the dynamic driving tasks.NHTSA: Full self-driving automation (SAE levels 4 and 5 combined).BASt: Fully automated.Level 5
SAE: Complete automation; includes the advantages from all the previous levels. The complete driving is automated.NHTSA: N/ABASt: N/AReferences
Gasser, M. T., and Westhoff, D. (2012) BASt-study: Definitions of Automation and Legal Issues in Germany. German Federal Highway Research Institute, Bergisch Gladbach: Transportation Research BoardAutomotive Cyber Security: An Introduction

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