The Informal Transport Sector

In most parts of the Global South, two-and three-wheelers are commonly classified as informal transport due to their affordability and relatively low quality.

This article will primarily:

• Introduce the informal transport sector.
• Show how electric two-and-three-wheelers are part of urban life in developing cities.
• Explain key factors to consider for improving informal transport.

Informal transport as part of urban life

Informal transport is a global phenomenon that plays a vital role in the mobility of millions of urban inhabitants, especially in the Global South. It serves as an important source of supply for cities and regions, remaining an integral part of urban life.

It provides a livelihood for millions of commuters who depend on affordable transportation. In Kayseri, Turkey, informal transport accounts for 60% of vehicles, while in many African cities, it can be as high as 90%.

Motorcycle usage in Uganda, Africa. Unsplash (2018)

Informal transport fills the gaps left by legal or regulated transportation services in developing urban areas. These areas are experiencing a growing demand for transportation, the emergence of a higher middle class, and the enabling of new services by advancing technologies. Informal transport services use a range of vehicles, including vans, motorcycles, and three-wheelers, reflecting urban identity and local culture.

Three-wheeler usage. Unsplash (2022)

Due to its decentralized nature, the informal transport industry is characterized by flexibility and adaptability. However, as operators prioritize generating daily revenue through low fares to attract passengers, the provision of high-quality, standardized, and reliable services to passengers is inconsistent.

Transport can also be seen as a territorial system: routes are managed locally, and operators often develop a sense of ownership of the areas they serve. Consequently, the emergence of potential competitors can lead to anti-social or violent behavior.

Informal transport thrives in environments with low levels of transport governance, where functions and responsibilities are often unclearly defined or dispersed among various authorities.

Tuk-Tuks in Kenya. Unsplash (2021)

What factors should be considered when improving informal transportation in emerging economies?

When looking to change or improve informal transport in emerging economies, it is essential to consider a number of key factors:

Accessibility

Ensure that transportation is accessible to the general population, including those on low incomes and in remote areas.

Safety

Guarantee the safety of passengers and drivers. This is paramount. It includes vehicle regulation and driver training.

Sustainability

Promote environmentally sustainable transport solutions, such as the electrification of vehicles and the use of non-motorized means of transport.

Integration

Seek the integration of informal transport into the formal public transport system to provide a more coherent and efficient transport network.

Regulation

Implement effective regulations to ensure the safety, quality, and reliability of informal transportation services.

Community engagement

Involve the community in transportation planning and improvement, to ensure solutions are tailored to local needs.

Economic

Assess the economic impact of formalizing transportation, including employment and costs to users.

Infrastructure

Ensure that the road infrastructure is in good condition and suitable for the type of transport to be used.

Technology

Explore technology solutions, such as transportation applications, to improve accessibility and quality of service.

Public policies

Develop coherent government policies that encourage the formalization and improvement of informal transportation.

Addressing the challenges and seizing opportunities related to informal transport in emerging economies requires a holistic approach that includes social, economic, and environmental aspects to achieve effective improvement.

Conclusion

Societies where informal transportation exists are accustomed to its use, despite acknowledging its lower quality and associated risks.

Informal transport in emerging economies presents both opportunities and challenges. Balancing accessibility, safety, sustainability, regulation, and community participation is crucial for fostering a more inclusive and efficient transportation system.