The fish tail as a derivation from axial musculoskeletal anatomy: an integrative analysis of functional morphology

Please take some time to read this article, The fish tail as a derivation from axial musculoskeletal anatomy: an integrative analysis of functional morphology

This review paper gives the overview of the fish tail variety, based on the evolution, development, anatomy, and muscular control of different fish tails, and discusses their functional implications. For instance, the contrasting features and movements of sharks and teleosts, they exhibit distinct structural elements, muscles, and tail motions, which give rise to diverse hydrodynamic effects during locomotion. Experimental studies of functional morphology can act as a way to test hypotheses bridging an organism’s evolution, development, and ecology.

This is a review paper, so the concept for studying functional morphology of organs and future applications is very useful. The Conclusions should be read very carefully, particular the “6.2. Integrative functional morphology is the new evo-devo-eco”. A key point occurs in the beginning of the “6.2.”. It states: To understand the functional morphology of an organism, we need to take into consideration its evolutionary history and the developmental framework available to create the structures that we observe.

Please use the questions below to help you understand : -Please adduce at least 6 types of fish tail, and give a marine fish species representing each type. -Please describe the habitat of mentioned fishes above.