General concept in appraising article (Part 1)

This session focuses on critical appraisal, a crucial skill in evidence-based practice (EBP) that helps determine whether research findings are reliable, valid, and applicable.

In healthcare and research, we often come across numerous studies claiming different findings. However, not all studies are well-conducted, and some may contain biases or methodological flaws. Critical appraisal allows us to evaluate research quality and ensure that our decisions are based on the most trustworthy evidence.

We began with a recap of EBP, highlighting its role in avoiding unnecessary duplication of research. For instance, if a pharmaceutical company proposed a study on prophylactic antibiotics for colorectal surgery, a thorough literature search would reveal that this topic has already been well-studied.

Conducting the same study again without a new research question would add little value. EBP helps us build on existing knowledge instead of repeating past research, ensuring that resources are used effectively to address new and meaningful questions.

Why is a critical appraisal necessary?

Even though randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews are considered high-quality evidence, not all studies within these categories are equally reliable. Some may have design flaws, biased results, or misinterpretations. Even well-published research in top journals may not be applicable to every context. Critical appraisal helps us distinguish between high-quality studies we can trust and those that should be interpreted with caution.

To achieve this, structured appraisal tools are used. These tools assess key aspects such as study methodology, risk of bias, validity, and how applicable the findings are to clinical or public health settings. By systematically evaluating studies, we can filter out weak evidence and rely on the strongest research to inform decision-making.

Ultimately, the goal of critical appraisal is not just to critique research but to ensure that healthcare decisions and policies are based on the best available evidence. It enables professionals to make informed choices, improve patient care, and contribute to high-quality research.

In the next part of this session, we will explore specific tools and frameworks used in critical appraisal.