Consequences and impact of vector control failure

In this video, Christen Fornadel gives examples of how insecticide resistance impacts malaria vector control. Which strategies can help to mitigate the effects of this?

Christen Fornadel describes different case studies. The majority of standard long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are treated with pyrethroid insecticide and these nets have been distributed widely across sub-Saharan Africa as part of the original drive for universal coverage. When the mosquitoes develop resistance to pyrethroids, does it help to add additional ingredients on the nets or an additional intervention with a different insecticide?

As the video shows, results from trials and implementation monitoring are positive.

Also touched on are the tough operational decisions that need to be made due to resistance challenges when implementing indoor residual spraying (IRS).

The topic is supplemented with full text article links and additional digital resources. You can broaden your understanding by accessing these resources in the Further Reading section below.

Further Reading

Innovative Vector Control Consortium (IVCC) Fact Sheet PDF of Mali case study

Protopopoff N, Mosha JF, Lukole E, Charlwood JD, Wright A, Mwalimu CD, Manjurano A, Mosha FW, Kisinza W, Kleinschmidt I, Rowland M. Effectiveness of a long-lasting piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net and indoor residual spray interventions, separately and together, against malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes: a cluster, randomised controlled, two-by-two factorial design trial. Lancet. 2018 Apr 21;391(10130):1577-1588.

Staedke SG, Gonahasa S, Dorsey G, Kamya MR, Maiteki-Sebuguzi C, Lynd A, Katureebe A, Kyohere M, Mutungi P, Kigozi SP, Opigo J, Hemingway J, Donnelly MJ. Effect of long-lasting insecticidal nets with and without piperonyl butoxide on malaria indicators in Uganda (LLINEUP): a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial embedded in a national LLIN distribution campaign. Lancet. 2020 Apr 18;395(10232):1292-1303.

Wagman, J, Cissé, I, Kone, D et al. Rapid reduction of malaria transmission following the introduction of indoor residual spraying in previously unsprayed districts: an observational analysis of Mopti Region, Mali, in 2017. Malar J 19, 340 (2020).