Skip main navigation

What factors caused antibiotic resistance?

Several factors have contributed, including:

  • The excessive use and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals
  • Improper prescribing
  • Patients not finishing complete courses of a prescribed antimicrobial
  • Poor infection control measures
  • Lack of access to clean, running water
  • Poor sanitation and hygiene

Related stories on FutureLearn

FutureLearn - Learning For Life

Reach your personal and professional goals

Unlock access to hundreds of expert online courses and degrees from top universities and educators to gain accredited qualifications and professional CV-building certificates.

Join over 18 million learners to launch, switch or build upon your career, all at your own pace, across a wide range of topic areas.

Start Learning now