So far we’ve considered earthquakes, but what about the most extreme version, so called megaquakes. In this course we define extreme events by how frequent they have occurred relative to …
At the start of the course, we introduced the concept of hazard and risk when looking at the Mount Etna eruption of 2017. The hazard that Mount Etna presents are …
In this activity, we’ve looked at extreme events that occurred in the distant past, in some cases before humans were around to witness them. How civilisations understood and described extreme …
We’ve considered the story of the geologist J Harlen Bretz and discussed why he wasn’t believed and how he was eventually able to convince people. Not only is this a …
In this video, Dr Dan Hobley explains the story of how evidence for the Missoula megaflood was discovered. J Harlen Bretz became interested in Eastern Washington State in 1910 when …
One way in which extreme events have been discovered is through myths or the narratives and traditional stories of cultures and peoples. This is based on the thinking that if …
This week we’ve seen extreme versions of four types of events; earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and floods The regular versions of these events will have probably been well known to …
In this video, Dr Claire Earlie compares tsunamis and floods with their extreme equivalents. In order to make a comparison between floods/tsunamis and their extreme equivalents we need some kind …
The Missoula floods, sometimes called the Spokane or Bretz floods, are probably the classic example of megafloods. They provide us with an excellent example of how megafloods have caused significant …
In this video, Dr Dan Hobley explains the difference between floods and megafloods. Megafloods are caused by something entirely different than regular floods. Regular floods are caused by rainfall whereas …
We’ve heard about the devastating consequences of tsunamis, but now we’re going to consider the impacts of a megatsunami. In the previous video, we considered the difference between what causes …
In this video, Dr Claire Earlie explains the difference between a tsunami and megatsunami. When looking at the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami we again pose the question; what is regular …
Tsunamis are a regular event on our planet and can have devastating consequences. The International Tsunami Information Center (ITIC) is responsible for monitoring international tsunami warning activities in the Pacific …
As we saw in Week 1, volcanic eruptions played a big role in escaping Snowball Earth as they pump CO2 and other volatiles in the atmosphere. They can have important …