Mark Hoppé
I am a Public Health entomologist with a particular interest in integrated mosquito vector control and insecticide resistance management. When I'm not working with mosquitoes I enjoy cycling.
Location Basel, Switzerland
Activity
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Mark Hoppé replied to ISSACK KAGETA SEMAKULA
Greetings Issack, I hope the course meets your expectations.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Musa Jawara
I'm glad you found the article useful. The article can be used in your teaching, but please acknowledge the author and the copyright of the University of Basel.
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That is a really good question. There are 'gene drive' approaches, where a genetically modified mosquitoes could be used to spread specific genes within the mosquito population. These genes could potentially prevent future generations of the mosquitoes developing, reducing, or even eliminating, the population. Genes that prevented the Anopheles mosquitoes...
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Good point. The principles of integrated vector management, IVM, and insecticide resistance management, IRM, are broadly the same for Anopheline malaria vectors and the Aedes spp. vectors of viral diseases. However, the actual control measures may be different due to their different habitats, feeding behaviours, and the local context.
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A good summary
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Mark Hoppé replied to TOKPONNON Filémon
Greetings Filémon, I hope you find the course useful
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Mark Hoppé replied to John Odea
Welcome John, I hope you find the course useful.
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The unchecked use of pesticides doesn't make the mosquitoes more 'deadly', but it can make them much harder to control, reducing our ability to prevent the diseases they can vector. So it can make the situation, or environment, more deadly, as we are less able to protect people from mosquito borne diseases.
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Well said, community engagement is the foundation to build on.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Maria Van Leerdam
Good points, too often we think only on the global scale, but in the end, malaria vector control is undertaken at the local level. Without engaging with all stakeholders, it will be a much harder task to eliminate malaria.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Huicong Ding
Welcome to the MOOC Huicong
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Mark Hoppé replied to Alemayehu Kulche
Welcome Alemayehu, I hope you find some useful information in the course.
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I like that analogy.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Bakar Fakih
Some good points, this will be a challenge for many locations as they start to approach malaria elimination.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Flavia Kabugumila
Some good points, an 'integrated' approach will always be the best way. Reducing mosquito numbers by making the environment less favorable to them is an important step, especially when it is human activities that make the favorable environment in the first place. This is addressed in several steps of the MOOC.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Flavia Kabugumila
Hello Flavia, welcome to the course, I hope you do find useful information here.
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Some good thoughts Daniel
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Mark Hoppé replied to Ruth Lee
Hi Ruth, I hope the course meets your expectations.
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Mark Hoppé replied to James Avaala
Hello James, I hope you find this course useful.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Muhammad Abubakar Muhammad
Greetings, I hope you find the course interesting and informative.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Hussaina Adamu
Welcome to the course, I hope you find it useful.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Sakur Muker
I hope you find the course useful.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Jeremiah Agada
Hello Ahmed, I hope you find the course useful.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Jeremiah Agada
Greetings Jeremiah, welcome to the MOOC.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Candice Woods
Welcome Candice, I hope the course lives up to expectation.
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Mark Hoppé replied to MALIK ADAMU Suleiman
Some very good points, especially about town planning and improved drainage. Thanks for sharing your thoughts.
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Mark Hoppé replied to MALIK ADAMU Suleiman
Welcome! I hope you find the course useful and informative.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Susina Yatapya
Welcome, I hope you find the course useful.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Mohammed Ahmed
Some very good points.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Mohammed Ahmed
Welcome Mohammed, you make some good points, I look forward to hearing your contributions in later steps of the course.
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That is correct, but within the 'adulticides', that kill the adults, and the 'larvicides', that kill or prevent the larvae from developing, there are a number of different classes of insecticide. This is important to know for effective resistance management.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Stephen Kantum Adageba
Welcome to the MOOC Stephen!
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Welcome Isaac, I hope this course will help you to gain more knowledge about malaria control and insecticide resistance management
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Thanks Anna, a good summary. I think the key is to have integrated approaches in the wider context of 'One Health'.
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Good points
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Mark Hoppé replied to monica Ntini
Hello Monica, I hope you find the course interesting and useful
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Mark Hoppé replied to 秉臻 吳
Hi, welcome to the course. I hope you find the course useful.
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Non-vector control exposure, is referring to the mosquitoes coming into contact with the insecticides used for vector control in other situations where they weren't used specifically for mosquito control. e.g. if insecticides from the same mode of action groups are used in agriculture. In this situation the mosquitoes may rest on treated crops, or the larvae...
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Good point that a rotational approach to the use of insecticides from different MoA classes will help delay resistance development. But, the scientists and chemists can only try to design novel and improved insecticides, it is those who design and fund the control programmes that decide which interventions to use, and should be encouraged to implement IRM in...
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Mark Hoppé replied to Julia Phillips, BA (OU)
Hi Julia, This MOOC doesn't look in any further detail at the parasites that cause malaria. There are a number of excellent online courses that do, so look them up if would like to know more about the Plasmodium. Good question about whether the parasite is also changing. Yes, is the answer, and there is a lot of concern about drug resistance in the Plasmodium....
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It has been estimated that between 2000 and 2015 663 million cases of malaria were averted through the use of insecticidal vector control interventions. That's a lot of people who think the use of LLINs and IRS was a clever idea. See https://www.nature.com/articles/nature15535
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Mark Hoppé replied to Evelyn F
Hi, the subject of this course is insecticide resistance management. This has to be set in the context of wider vector control, but that isn't the main topic. The course aims to set IRM firmly in the context of Integrated Vector Management (IVM). In IVM (also called IV Control) the aim is to minimise the interaction of vector mosquitoes and humans. IVM covers...
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The WHO study did not include untreated mosquito nets, but compared insecticide treated nets in areas where there were pyrethroid resistant or susceptible mosquito populations. The conclusion is that even if there are pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes present, a pyrethroid treated bed net still provides some protection against malaria. The comparison with an...
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Mark Hoppé replied to Evelyn F
@EvelynF It is good that industrial companies produce pyrethroid, or other insecticide, interventions for malaria vector control. Without such interventions the burden of malaria would be much greater.
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Hi Evelyn, I would encourage you to visit the IVCC website to learn more about their PPP model.
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You are right about the number of mosquito species that have been shown to transmit disease, also, of the 3500 known mosquito species, only about 6% bite humans. Perhaps it would have been better to have written in the article, 'not having any mosquitoes interacting with humans'.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Evelyn F
LLINs can be distributed once every two or three years, whereas IRS needs to be applied at least once per year, and can be logistically more challenging to undertake.
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Mark Hoppé replied to Evelyn F
Hi Evelyn, the course was funded by the IVCC and UKAid, links can be found at the bottom of the landing page of the MOOC. Much of the material was produced voluntarily by members of the RBM VCWG https://endmalaria.org/our-work-working-groups/vector-control
Good question about the comparison between untreated nets, and treated nets. Untreated nets work well,...
