Caitlin Evans
My home is in Mid Wales but I am currently studying for a degree in Chemistry at the University of York :D
Any questions about studying in York please just ask!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Hi everyone!
I'm Caitlin and I'm one of the mentors on the MOOC this year! I'm currently jetting around Europe on my travels before I start my Masters year in Industry in September.
I helped last year with the running of the MOOC so if anyone has any questions about the course or about studying in York, feel free to drop me a message as I shall try my best... -
Hi Shashi,
Welcome to the course, we hope that you find this course insightful in preparation for your entrance exam. Any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors! -
Hi Amro,
Welcome to the course! The chemistry in this course will help you as you prepare for your master's :) any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors. -
Hi Stefania,
Welcome to the course! Any questions at all please don't hesitate at all to ask me or any of the other mentors if you are unsure or stuck. -
Caitlin Evans replied to Dilyara Sabirova
Thank you so much Dilyara for your lovely feedback, it's great to see that it's inspired you to study chemistry at uni :D
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Caitlin Evans replied to Anna Gann
Thank you so much for your lovely feedback Anna!
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Hi Margaret,
Welcome to the course, it is great to have you on board! If you get confused on anything, please feel free to ask me or one of the other mentors as we are happy to help :) -
Hi Ravana,
Welcome to the course! Any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
Hi Sue,
What have said is on the right lines however they're known as repeat units where the monomer features the groups you have said. Here is an image which might make the comparison a bit easier to see as I've always found images a bit clearer when explaining an difference rather than a paragraph :) it is the bottom half of the image which is the most... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Kathryn Gerry
Thank you so much for your positive feedback Kathryn, it means a lot to the whole team :)
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Oh The Imidation Game I only just watched recently and it was brilliant!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Doping is become a major problem in elite sport, from Justin Gatlin, who was on track for a lifetime ban after testing positive twice to the state-sponsored doping seen in Russia and the first major reveal was Lance Armstrong being stripped of his Tour De France titles. Here are a few articles which highlight how doping has come to the forefront and what...
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
It is interesting on the different way companies and organisations are trying to encourage more and more people to recycle. Take a look at an alternate approach to encourage PET recycling: http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/petbottlesays-a-light-hearted-way-to-spread-awareness-about-pet-bottle-recycling-this-friendship-day-117080700405_1.html
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
It seems Russia has issued its first official apology after the major doping scandal in 2015: http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/athletics/40818188
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Scientists have created a spider silk that is stronger than steel! https://futurism.com/scientists-have-created-a-synthetic-spider-silk-that-is-stronger-than-steel/
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Scientists seem to have found a novel way to develop a new class of polymers. Take a look!
https://phys.org/news/2017-07-scientists-fast-chemistry-class-polymers.html -
Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you all for adding to the Padlet, please keep the posts coming as it's fascinating to see how different people advertise different polymers :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Great work on the Padlet! Please keep posting your results, it is so interesting to see what shapes you guys have made!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you to all of you who have contributed to the Padlet, they all look awesome!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
The Padlet is fascinating with what you have all discovered! If you have done the experiment, please post your results as it is so interesting what happens with what tablets you use :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
The Padlet looks amazing, please keep positing, it'll be great to see what happened in your experiment!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you all for your contributions to the Padlet, they all look amazing!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
This was one of my favourite experiments! The Padlet entries look amazing and please keep posting as it is great to see so many variations and colours :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you all for your contributions to the Padlet! Keep the results coming in, it is really interesting how certain spices make a greater impact than others :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you to everyone who has contributed to the Padlet! Keep the results coming in so we can collate them all and see what the general consensus is and how you varied your experiment :)
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Thanks Billy for your observations :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thanks to everyone with their postings on the Padlet! Keep them coming in as they all look amazing and it is so interesting to see what materials have been used :)
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Caitlin Evans replied to Yolanda Cheng
That looks great Yolanda!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Thank you to everyone contributing to the Padlet, they all look amazing! Please keep posting as it is so interesting to see everyone's take on a scientific poster :)
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Hi Shaan,
Welcome to the course and hopefully this course will help improve your understanding, there are many pdfs that you can download which may help! Any questions at all please don't hesitate to contact me or one of the other mentors :) -
Hi Randy,
Welcome to the course! Any questions at all, please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
Hi Imogen,
Welcome to the course and most definitely there are so many ways where you can relate your knowledge to more real world applications. Any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
There is a broad range of different beers that you can have from ales to largers to stouts to malts :) I've had a look around and found a few websites which explains the differences between each type of beer so hopefully that will help!
http://www.thebeerstore.ca/beer-101/beer-types
http://uk.businessinsider.com/different-types-of-beer-2014-12 - this one... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Svetlana Kochkaeva
Hi Svetlana,
Alcohol free beer goes through the exact same process as normal beer however the alcohol is removed at the end. Here are a few links which talks about the alcohol-free brewing... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Walter Dijkhuizen
Hi Walter
A broad definition of an isomer is a molecule which has the same molecular formula but the rearrangement of the atoms is different. When discussing isotopic isomers, it is considering isotopes for example carbon 13 and its position in a molecule. Here is a paper which discusses it further and has some really good diagrams which explains what is... -
Hi Charlotte,
I've had a look around on the internet and came across an article in 2012 which discusses data for sports injuries in the UK. Have a look: http://www.cph.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/sports-injuries-a-review-of-evidence-for-prevention.pdf -
Caitlin Evans replied to Abigail Brindley
That's great to hear! We hope you enjoy week 2 as much as week 1 :)
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Caitlin Evans replied to SUSAN DU PLESSIS
Hi Anna
It is a type of yeast extract which can be spread on toast as well as many other uses. It has been compared to Vegemite and other alternatives.
Here's a link to the Marmite website if you want to take a look :)
https://www.marmite.co.uk/ -
Hi Kiki,
Welcome to the course! Any questions at all, please don't hesitate to ask :) -
Hi Gabrielle,
Welcome to the course, it will most definitely keep your brain active throughout the weeks! Any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
Hi Ana
Welcome to the course, it's great to have you on board! Any questions at all, please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
House is such a good tv program but I absolutely love Greys' Anatomy, think I've watched the entire series collection at least twice :)
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Hi Ellie
It's great to hear that you want to study chemistry at university! Any questions about studying chemistry at York or about the course in general, please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
Hi Abigail
Welcome to the course! I hope you enjoy the course and any questions, please feel free to ask me or one of the mentors :) -
Caitlin Evans replied to Rowena Allsopp
Thank you Rowena for your great feedback, it is much appreciated! I agree, my tea making skills have never been so good :) Chemistry of chocolate would be so interesting and also give a reason to eat a lot of chocolate in the name of science :D
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Caitlin Evans replied to Oliver Wagstaff
Thank you for your lovely feedback, it is much appreciated!
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Caitlin Evans replied to wendy mathiassen
We are so glad you have enjoyed the course and being one of his students, his puns will most definitely live on!
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Caitlin Evans replied to Nancy Gibson
Thank you for your lovely comments Nancy! We are all so glad you enjoyed it :)
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Hi Karyen
Essential oils which are on the market today would have gone through extensive testing to make sure they are safe to use and formaldehyde can be formed from all forms of limonene but this isn't a cause for alarm.
Newspapers and social media can mislead on the information about limonene and formaldehyde production however, there are very strict... -
Hi Daniel,
It's great to see you again on the course and found the first time around really helpful :) Any questions please don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors as we will be glad to help! -
Hi Eloise
Welcome the course! This course will most definitely help you expand your knowledge before A-Levels begin :) Any questions, please ask me or one of the other mentors :D -
Hi Emma
Welcome to the course! Any questions, don't hesitate to ask me or one of the other mentors :) -
Caitlin Evans replied to chris robson
Hi Chris
It is crazy to think what the 100m would be like if all the greatest Olympians ran on the same track surface at the same time. Here's an article a read a couple of days saying how the sprint has changed over the decades, found it really... -
I agree with you there, I wouldn't survive without my loratidine tablets!
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Caitlin Evans replied to Alex Mann
Hi Alex
What you have described sounds a lot like blood doping, which is banned in competitive sport. Here are a few links about how blood doping is uncovered in sport to keep it fair:
https://www.wada-ama.org/en/questions-answers/blood-doping
http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/118/9/2395g
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372716/ -
Caitlin Evans replied to Nancy Gibson
Hi Nancy
It seems there may be some merit towards alkalinity, as shown with this article from livestrong. http://www.livestrong.com/article/549473-vitamin-c-make-body-acidic/
They suggest that vitamin C is a weak acid but vitamin C rich foods are considered alkaline-forming foods as the body burns the acids, resulting in an alkaline end product. However, the... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Svetlana Kochkaeva
I think this week is my favourite week as the chemistry behind medicines we see in our day to day lives is just fascinating!
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Caitlin Evans replied to Nesrine C
It is quite a scary prospect however there are many researchers dedicating their lives to finding alternatives :)
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Hi Maurice
I have found it really difficult to find scientific papers which explain the concept well so you might be on the right lines as well, with each company patented their formulas for the tackle bags, it is hard to find information from a reliable source.
From personal experience with watching rugby training, you can hear the air leaving the tackle... -
Hi Maddy
Welcome to the course, it's great to have you on board! Any questions feel free to ask me or one of the mentors :) -
Caitlin Evans replied to David Mathews
Hi all
DNA is constructed out of 4 nucleic acids, which you have named David, as adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. Here are a few videos which do a quick run down of the structure which I found helpful when I was studying :)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0&t=12s
If you have a bit more time, Crash Course on YouTube are brilliant at giving... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Nesrine C
Hi Nesrine
Clavulanic acid is called a sacrificial compound as the beta-lactamase attacks this rather than the penicillin molecule (the beta-lactam). This is because clavulanic acid contains the oxygen rather than the sulfur, as seen on the article that Andy has written. Oxygen is a much better leaving group than sulfur so when a beta lactamase enzyme comes... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Boluwatife Odedoyin
So glad you are enjoying the course Boluwatife!
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Caitlin Evans replied to Katie Anderson
It is surprising sometimes that some techniques we use to extract flavours or produce everyday items can sometimes be very straightforward :)
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Hi Stephanie
For the first part of your questions, it does seem likely that polyurethanes have been used in your crash mats to keep you safe, as seen in this link: https://www.matsmatsmats.com/gymnastics/polyethylene-vs-polyurethane.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ALvDX4GMhM
With regards to your second question, I've talked to a couple of the other... -
Caitlin Evans replied to Nancy Gibson
There are many uses for the PET that is recycled, as seen in this link: http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/uses-recycled-plastic
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
The sugar tax in the UK is going to be introduced from 2018, after seeing positive results in other countries such as Mexico where great success has been seen:
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/nutrition/2018-uk-sugar-tax.html and... -
Hi India
It is great to have you on-board! It's good to see that chemistry is one of your top subject choices. Any questions about the course or about studying chemistry at university, feel free to ask :) -
Caitlin Evans made a comment
Chinese scientists have managed to engineer purple rich which is rich in antioxidants! Take a look here: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170627134518.htm
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Hi Jim,
Usually nutmeg is just used as a flavoring as a lot of people see it as a fantastic addition to a rice pudding recipe. This use of nutmeg may have stemmed from its microbial properties so it may all link together as cooks may have found that the rice lasts longer with the use of nutmeg as well as enhancing the flavour! -
Welcome!
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Hi both,
There is a very rigorous process which needs to be undertaken before a drug is approved, some more information can be found here: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm143534.htm
In the UK, it takes an average of around 12 years for a new drug to head from the lab to the pharmacy shelf shown here:... -
Caitlin Evans made a comment
When I am revising for exams I drink so much tea! I usually have Earl Grey tea as I prefer the taste but as a student of York, Yorkshire tea is a staple of my student housing :)
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
I always love the smell of bacon, it doesn't matter what time of day it is, whenever I smell it I want some :)
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Caitlin Evans replied to Rowena Allsopp
Hard water areas is when there is a higher mineral content where the water has ran through pockets in limestone and chalk, which both consist of calcium carbonate. Here's a link, from Yorkshire tea of course, which gives a little more information about hard water: https://www.yorkshiretea.co.uk/brew-news/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-hard-water
It... -
He did revolutionize how we thought about evolution and molded how we think about selection and adaptation to what we talk about in modern times. Have a look at this timeline of Darwin's life and achievements, it is so interesting!
http://www.bbc.co.uk/timelines/zq8gcdm -
Hi Chris,
Some links below give a few step by step guides to making your own rose water if you wanted to!
https://wellnessmama.com/119067/rose-water/
https://theherbalacademy.com/how-to-make-and-use-rose-water/
http://www.holistichealthherbalist.com/make-rose-water/ -
There are many ways where they can be separated commercially via steam distillation, solvent extraction or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.Here's a couple of links with a bit more...
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Very good choice Gisele, acetylcholine is so important in memory and cognition, not sure what we would do without it!
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Being a research led university, being lectured by some of the researchers who are at the forefront of some of the research is just amazing! If you are interested in alternate antibiotics and new routes to developing antibiotics, have a look at the weekly cafe where there are some links where you can read into a bit more :)
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Caitlin Evans replied to Chris Russell
Hi Chris
There are a few articles which indicate that the pears themselves contain the ester, which is why the ester itself is associated with smelling like pears. It can be said the same for ethyl ethanoate which smells like pear drops. The pear drop sweets contain the ethyl ethanoate which is why the distinct pear drop smell is associated with the ester... -
Starch does have an affinity for water so could be descibed as a desiccant as you say, adding a bit of starch will 'soak up' the water, increasing the thickness of the sauces or remove water when it is not wanted. That is also a reason that meats were salted during the earlier centuries so the moisture would be drawn out of the meat, allowing it to be stored...
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The definition of an enantiomer is that they are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, much like your hands, but they do have similar physical properties such as boiling point and chemically they would but as the body is so much more complex that they vary significantly, for example thalidomide where one enantiomer was seen to help nausea whilst the...
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Caitlin Evans replied to Marisa P
Here is a link about the life of Cajal, he was an extraordinary man who was on track to becoming an artist before being persuaded by his father to study medicine
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/cajal-bio.html -
That's no problem Chris, the descriptions you have given have a lot of information which can be compared to what other's have found!
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That is a brilliant idea Anna! I have a Periodic Table as well as a list of common terminology pinned in the middle of my notice board at home so you are most definitely not alone
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Hi Aiman
Welcome to the course! Any questions at all about the course itself or studying chemistry at university, please don't hesitate to ask! -
Hi Francesca
Welcome to the course and I hope you enjoy! Any questions, please don't hesitate to ask :) -
Hi Kira
That's completely fine, my family home is very near the Beacons and I completed my DofE there, the views still amaze me but you haven't missed much at all :) It's great to hear you want to study chemistry at university, so any questions about studying chemistry at uni or about the course, feel free to ask me or one of the other mentors as we are happy... -
Hi Erin
This course will definitely help with personal statements as it covers a wide range of topics :) Any questions at all please don't hesitate to ask me or any of the mentors! -
As a steam distillation is usually required to separate and extract the limonene, a water immiscible solvent would be required such as an ether. As the limonene will be in the water immiscible layer, evaporation of the solvent will be important to extract the limonene. So, the solvent needs to have a lower boiling point than limonene, whose is 176 degrees...
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It is up to the company's discretion if they state what perfumes are involved in their products as many of the combinations of fragrances are considered trade secrets. In 1999, legislation was passed by the European Commission where there were 26 fragrance allergens, which had the potential to cause allergies, had to be identified on the packaging if the...
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Caitlin Evans replied to E T
It has been said that Vitamin D3 is better than Vitamin D2 in tackling vitamin D deficiency. The link below talks about the research that has led to the belief that D3 is better then D2
https://www.healio.com/internal-medicine/nutrition-and-fitness/news/online/%7Ba47d93fd-6af2-4225-9a1b-9b8e56704c64%7D/vitamin-d3-more-effective-than-d2-in-preventing-deficiency -
Caitlin Evans replied to Nesrine C
In normal balloons, the structure is vulcanized rubber, where vulcanization of the rubber introduces sulfur links between the polymer strands which allows the conventional balloon to not pop when orange peel is squeezed. With a water balloon, the little ones on the video, they do not have these sulfur linkages so are much weaker so when the orange peel is...
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We are looking forward to see what wonderful creation you make Boluwatife!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Resistance is increasingly worryingly as research continues to find alternatives to aid in fighting the rising levels of resistant bacteria. Keep an eye out for the weekly video where alternatives and new discoveries are being discussed!
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Caitlin Evans made a comment
Two films which I did enjoy which relate to science and discovery is the The Martian, with Matt Damon, as he attempts to survive on Mars and World War Z, with Brad Pitt where a global zombie epidemic has affected the globe.
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It is said that adding the rice to the salt shaker removes the moisture from the shaker. This then helps the salt to avoid clumping, leading to a better flow of salt!
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Caitlin Evans replied to Nancy Gibson
Good point Nancy, it can be said with the discovery of DNA where Rosalind Franklin was not recognised with the discovery because she passed away from cancer four years before and the prize cannot be awarded posthumously.
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Caitlin Evans replied to Tanima Khatun
As you have said Tanima, it is an ever-expanding, ever-evolving field which is so excited to be a part of!
