Anna Gray
Broadcast Systems Engineer : design and operations
https://uk.linkedin.com/in/anna-gray-81342b31
http://iweua.com
https://www.strava.com/athletes/agiweua
w e b 2 0 at i w e u a dot c o m
Location U.K..... mostly....for now, at least.
Activity
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Anna Gray made a comment
Yield a little bit like C's Static??
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Anna Gray made a comment
My only consideration : should I make one function taking radius and height, which returned two values, Area and Volume, or two functions, one returning Area and one returning Volume.
I chose two functions for function clarity and simplicity ( to my C programmer's mind )
round ( CylinderArea (radius,height), 2 )
returns 471.24
round (... -
Anna Gray made a comment
Python... default argument values : genius!
It will tend to push complexity into the functions which need to be thoroughly tested. The more complex the function with the more parameters it can take, the harder it is to test under all conditions. -
Anna Gray made a comment
I have been learning Python for about a year, never came across *args / **kwargs and was weirded out a little as I thought they were pointers or something. Some of the ( many ) mysteries of Python are evaporating quite quickly with this course.
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Anna Gray made a comment
Python is just so cool !
I guess it can get you into lots of trouble with it too!
( old C coder talking ) -
Anna Gray made a comment
Run python_argparse_ex1.py with the argument ' -h' ( h = usually for 'help' )
>python python_argparse_ex1.py -husage: python_argparse_ex1.py [-h]
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit -
Anna Gray replied to Nicholas Kenney
The ipnb files are Jupyter Notebooks files. They are the course work files seen in the following videos that you can replicate on your laptop in a Browser or by installing Jupyter labs on your local machine : HOW?
To try quickly in your browser
goto : https://jupyter.org/try
A new page will open : https://hub.mybinder.turing.ac.uk/....
There is...
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Yep : so you can type
python python_argv_ex1.py -testThe output will be something like
['python_argv_ex1.py', '-test']Now we can check if args are passed when running the script
if sys.argv[1] == "-test":
print("TEST") -
Anna Gray made a comment
Azure is a huge environment, isn't it?
I hadn't quite realised until now. -
Anna Gray made a comment
Five crucial elements
1. Azure identity services : Let the right people in, the wrong ones out
2. Security tools and features : Security is vital
3. Privacy, compliance and data protection standards : Best practice
4. Secure network : Essential though most N/W traffic now secure
5. Monitoring and reporting : To see what is and isn't working -
GDPR was / is a EU directive with the UK now retaining the legislation and in many cases adopting a more rigorous approach. I don't think anyone wants to go near trying to unpick it.
To untangle data and geo locate it for many international companies is well nigh impossible, and who would / what authority in reality would / could try to audit that, and...
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Anna Gray made a comment
I note that products such as Solarwinds and Zabbix monitoring instances can be built on Azure as 3rd party monitoring.
These can report on bandwidth, memory, cpu usage, hard disk capacity, load balancing issues etc, vital useful on high load or high traffic peak, real time systems. -
Anna Gray made a comment
The use by default of password complexity rules, coupled with the widespread adoption of password managers ( Lastpass/Keepass/Browser ) has reduced the compromise of accounts significantly. Limiting access to accounts by the use of IP whitelist rules also reduces the compromise surface. That is not to say it still doesn't happen, just that it shouldn't in...
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Anna Gray made a comment
30 Nov 21 : got it working after some time
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cliInstall the CLI on Windows and Linux ( I chose Ubuntu CLI )
I chose : Option 1: Install with one command
then to run the program
$ sudo az login
You will be asked to navigate to
https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/deviceauth
and... -
The term Container in software and IT is a little nebulous, but they are essentially a ( ideally single ) software process running / depending / utilising a larger operating system superstructure.
Thus multiple containers can run on a single Windows/Linux machine ( eg see Docker ) Much like individual shipping containers...
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Anna Gray made a comment
Really good introduction to Azure and demonstrates just how straightforward 'spinning up' an online resource can be
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Top left of Azure control panel screen
Home>VMName>Networking>Add inbound port rule >
Source : Any
Source Port : * (a http request can come from a large range of ports )
Destination : Any ( We can send traffic to any public IP Address )
Service : HTTP : Port 80
Priority : default ( 330
Name : Port_HTTP -
The ( currently ) single Azure data centre for the whole continent of Africa is located in South Africa. You would be right to think that some provision should be held off the west coast catering to Ghana,Nigeria, Cameroon and Gabon for example. Currently no.
I assume there just isn't the demand,that current West African country network infrastructure...
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Samuel, you raise an excellent point where dedicated machines in your industry, healthcare, manufacturing etc have high functionality, working, stable software, often running on legacy operating systems ( windows / embedded linux etc ) that can't be put 'in the cloud'.
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Anna Gray made a comment
Can the use of such a system justify the application of the right not to be subjected to automated individual decision-making?
The question is necessarily complicated by the 'NOT'
To rephrase ( if only for my own clarity )
Should a person have decisions made, that could affect their future, by a computer / algorithm, based on data they have uploaded to... -
Anna Gray made a comment
This area of law, morals and public debate is still under development.
A key aspect of the Mario Costeja González was that the argument that the original article in the newspaper should be retrospectively redacted was thrown out.
It is still a matter of public record, in the newspaper that Mario Costeja González was subject to court proceedings, it...
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Anna Gray made a comment
Data that is difficult or impossible to change that could, if put together enable identity theft ( DOB / Place of Birth / Current complete address / other biometrics that cannot ever be changed by the Data subject ( me/you ) )
Full Name
Exact DOB
Place of Birth
Current Address
Extrapolated information of other family members -
The data owner of the opinion would be the author of the opinion, not the subject of the opinion.
Other areas of law cover subsequent ( inadvertent or requested ) release of this data, ( libel/ slander/ discrimination ) etc.The data ( Employer opinions ) is private and confidential and cannot be released, companies or individuals could be sued if such...
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All browsers offer the ability to
1 delete cookies,
2 to block cookies
3 Use extensions like uBlock to limit exposure
4 More usefully, only allow cookies for the 'session'.Why would you choose 4.. Sites need to know that you have logged in and authenticated, banking and financial sites, but it is sensible for you to tell your browser to forget this...
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Anna Gray made a comment
Occasionally, its representatives tell visiting parents that personal data of their children, including names, home addresses and genders, are processed.
Transparency :
The parents should as best practice be informed automatically when initially submitting data, the scope of all future data processing purposes of their children.In the event that that...
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Anna Gray replied to Petra Wolf
Many of the larger organisations the Googles / FBs etc have an automated process to release your data, reducing the very real cost of processing.
The cost of processing and release of data to subjects by data holders can of course be reduced by companies, other entities, by ensuring that they hold very little data on data subjects, or even purging PII data... -
Anna Gray made a comment
Prior to the internet, the concept of data privacy, PII, identity theft was the stuff of obscure spy novels.
No longer.
Identity theft, loss of financial reputation, is common place and costing the public millions a year.
Companies have till recently been extremely lax about storing customer PII, considering this database a free resource for them to use... -
Anna Gray made a comment
A colleague recently conducted a Survey using one of the online Surveys. The Output of the Survey included IP addresses of the participants, but no other PII.
An individual flagged this, IP addresses are ruled as PII.In direct answer to 'Would you be able to indicate whether you will have to acquire data subjects’ consent'
It would appear that erring on... -
Anna Gray replied to Christine Ince
The UK is fully aligned with GDPR regulations. Trade, irrespective of it's nature, will still occur between UK and citizens and entities of EU states. This data must be protected with the same level of safeguards as if the data had not left the EU.
Regardless of political statements, legal alignment and safeguarding of data will still be necessary between...
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Anna Gray made a comment
1) Why is it important for you to know about the General Data Protection Regulation?
Professional obligation as a professional working in and around IT, to my team, colleagues and customers2) What do you know already about this legal instrument?
The general overview, the importance of ensuring data is kept secure, the importance of obfuscating PII as a... -
Anna Gray replied to Nwaokolo Chiedozie
7 May 2020 Nigeria 2020 budget: OPS backs proposed $20 oil price benchmark
https://www.today.ng/business/economy/2020-budget-ops-backs-proposed-20-oil-price-benchmark-296960
I had not read this when I posted
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@DavidMcGovern
David : I was referring to the Maths and the laws of thermodynamics. When we invent a lossless system that can store and then deliver energy at 100% efficiency, your statement will be correct, but we do not have that in batteries or mechanical systems including air compression systems or pumped storage eg Dinorwig.For every Watt of energy...
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Anna Gray made a comment
A CBA of smart grids is never going to be favourable to the technology without a 'true' cost of the alternative.
The alternative ,burning fossil fuel, which is very cheap to do, can be done at huge scale, very low complexity and proven, coal, gas and even diesel oil generators.
The true value of smart grids is they try to minimise and then optimise...
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@MariaGrigg
It is vital to mindful of why we modern optimisation technology, embodied as computers, algorithms, inter connectivity, data transfer etc is so important in our modern world, specifically for energy generation and delivery, the course subject.Not so long ago we ran coal fired power staions 24/hours day at full tilt, lucky to deliver 35% of...
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Anna Gray made a comment
Page 88 really highlights the technical challenges of mass, at scale, grid storage with none of the technologies greater than a few 10s of MW.
That raises the question for me, is grid storage the way to go?Should we be looking ( given currently available technology ) at more local resources, where homeowners EVs and domestic battery storage devices are...
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@MarkTulley
Mark, Modern grid managment is really important for frequency stabilisation : I am guessing the Battery system will be a Fast Frequency response system, which helps take out the spikes the grid can be prone to when resources ( especailly renewables ) come on and off line.
Gridwatch is a really useful realtime resource showing the real data of... -
Anna Gray replied to Pablo Fernandez
There is no doubt electric 'everything' is the future, especially as renewables are really gaining traction in the energy mix and contributing significant amounts to nation states as we speak.
The US is just waking up to offshore wind and catching up very quickly with European initiatives in the North Sea, some great podcasts on the US wind industry here :... -
Anna Gray made a comment
I think the public is beginning to appreciate 'total cost' of energy more and becoming more receptive to pay the full cost of having a cleaner environment.
Renewables do have a significant cost in terms of the extra layer of management and technology that needs to be added ( Storage / supply diversity / sophisticated scheduling ) to ensure stability....
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Mark : it is hard to know the exact situation, and I wonder if some of the narrative about turbines being switched off is entirely accurate.
As I glance at https://gridwatch.co.uk/ right now, Monday 11th May at midday, I see that 48% or UK energy right now is supplied by Renewables, 18% from wind, 21% from Solar, 9% from Biogas.
The maximum peak... -
Anna Gray replied to Maria Grigg
@MariaGrigg
Maria
Some alternative overviews :https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2012/04/developing-a-modern-intelligent-power-grid/
https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2012/12/smart-grid-gathers-pace/
https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2009/05/smart-grid-thinking/
The paper : ' Pathways for energy storage in the UK
has... -
@IanBlack
Ian I am a little confused. The Carbon Cycle is well understood chemistry the proof all around us in the form of sun,oxygen, carbon dioxide and plants.If we dig a little deeper into the earth, we find all the carbon that has been stored over the earth's entire life in the form of long chain hydrocarbons, coal, oil, gas.
We are doing a...
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from : https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/3-3_france_wnuk.pdf
'develop captive professional fleets (this model allows for the station to be profitable thanks to high utilization rates) with an investment aid'
It looks like the initiative will start with large fleets of vehicles owned by entities such as local government, or large...
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Anna Gray replied to Pablo Fernandez
It seems to be common in the media and advertising to label and market many forms of energy systems as 'clean', 'emission free', 'low carbon', without actually telling consumers the full picture of the energy cycle.
Electric Cars for example are certainly not emission free, and arguably are more polluting if the electricity used to charge them came from...
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Anna Gray replied to Maria Grigg
Maria : it looks like a few people are a little confused with the role of Steam Reforming and its place in the renewable discussion.
Steam Methane Reforming is not part of the renewable energy cycle at all, it just happens to be the current large scale process for making hydrogen for specialist industrial use.
Steam reforming takes a perfectly good gas...
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Paul, that is a slightly unfortunate statistic and refers to one particular method of creating hydrogen, cracking methane CH4, into 2H2 and one Carbon + Ai/ Stream > CO2, that is used for current production. This technique would not be used in the renewable model of Hydrogen.
The renewable model of hydrogen will rely on Hydrogen production using...
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Anna Gray replied to thomas wilkes
The Hydrogen cycle only works from an economic and Carbon point of view if all the electrical energy used to create Hydrogen ( and the by product, Oxygen ) from electrolysis of water, is from non stored renewable sources ( wind and solar )
In this way and only this way ( given current technology ) can the energy produced from renewables be converted into...
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Anna Gray replied to Pablo Fernandez
There is no CO2 produced by burning hydrogen.
Two hydrogen molecules burn with one Oxygen molecule ( air ) to create H2O : water -
Anna Gray made a comment
The challenge for biogas is that it requires a significant input of energy to collect the raw material, which by definition is usually a waste product of one kind or another, usually crops.
Sweden has a vast land mass, I am not sure how much is dedicated to crop production and how much can even be used for crops the further north.
Sweden is also a high... -
@DavidMcGovern
I did a quick 'back of the envelope' for 'fun' this morning.
Take one French nuclear station at random : Golfech
https://osm.org/go/xVTH0gWw-?m=
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golfech_Nuclear_Power_Plant
It generates 18,000 GWh / annum ~ 2GW constant output over 8760 hoursLets take the latest LG panels, the...
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Anna Gray replied to Fakher Omezzine
@ShaunSimmons
@DerekBolster
It is easy to look at data centres as a highly concentrated consumer of energy, wondering what it all does.If you look at it the other way, ask, what are these data centres actually doing, without being too starry eyed about it, they are enabling our modern lives.
Whether that be scheduling your supermarket delivery,...
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@AlanHayman
Alan, completely my pleasure : best wishes
A -
Anna Gray replied to Nwaokolo Chiedozie
The numbers in a country like Nigeria are staggering and I don't think anyone really knows where to start.
Much of the core investment in Europe this last 2-3 decades has been from private companies and public / private partnerships, the expertise lies within the private sector, the requirement in the public sector.
Significant investment needs scale,...
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@StephenIkechukwuOgbonnaya
Thanks Stephen, both examples listed above demonstrate local, state level political forces, lying behind national energy decisions, and how those decisions can sometimes be influenced by short term, political expediency.
best wishes
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Anna Gray made a comment
Lots of really good, current information at Drax.
'Drax Power Station is the biggest renewable generator in the UK and the largest decarbonisation project in Europe'
https://www.drax.com
https://www.drax.com/energy-policy/the-uk-needs-beccs-to-reach-net-zero-heres-why/I do not work for Drax or any related company..
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Bio fuel sources just slot into the 'Carbon cycle'
With fossil fuels, the carbon as a core constituent of extracted fuels, were just plants that grew, absorbed CO2, died, decayed, got buried over millions of years and essentially captured carbon from that early earth atmosphere.
We come along this last 100 years, dig it all up, Gas/Coal/Oil, generally ...
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Vestas ( I do not work for them or any company related ) do publish a fairly complete breakdown of components and sustainability.
We can presume that other manufacturers have similar energy payback periods for their turbines.The Vestas Sustainability Report 2019 page...
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see below
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The primary material to build a wind turbine are the steel structure and the blades.
There is no shortage of steel, it has a long life and can be reused / melted down again at EOL.The blades do currently present a problem, the material is usually a composite / resin / fibreglass which is non recyclable.
Vestas as an example have a commitment to improve...
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@PeterMoore
@PaulShaw
The UK ( in particular ?? ) seems obsessed in blocking developments, infrastructure, power, transport links, you name it, unless it is a new big supermarket.
The discussion in Scotland regarding power lines has some merit, there are overhead lines all over the Alps in France, exactly because of the hydo.If Scotland seeks...
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Anna Gray made a comment
Love the GE video ; makes me tingle
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Multi disciplinary skills required : Structure, blade manufacture, bearings, generator integration : electrical protection systems + blade wear management, install. Non trivial : big bucks
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Anna Gray made a comment
The Forbes article lacks the rigour I would expect from an academic course material hand out.
Using LARGE numbers to impress and convenient with the units.
'It will eventually produce 5,000 kilowatts'........
5MW, twice a day for an hour or two each pass..... great!
then
'Altogether, the agency wants to have 10,000 megawatts off-shore wind energy... -
Anna Gray replied to Rosey Mitchell
Rosey : In the previous module I posted about Swansea, equally disappointed until i did the maths.
Swansea was due to deliver around 700 GWh/annum
UK total consumption / annum ~ 254,000 GWh
Swansea at best would have contributed about 0.25% of UK power.
Wind, especially offshore , is contributing significantly more than this already at ~ 15%.
I... -
I was reviewing the UK's latest project proposal here, disappointed to hear the UK gov were not backing it. I had not looked at the numbers till now.
http://www.tidallagoonpower.com
Further reading suggests the project was due to deliver ~ 700 Giga W Hours /...
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I hoped somebody would have done the 0.1% efficiency calculation before me....
So here goes
22GW * 8760 Hours = 192 Terra Watt hours / year
1kWh = 0.05 USD
192 E 12 Wh / 1000 Wh = 192 E9 Watt Hours @ 0.05USD = 9.6 Billion USD / annum of electricity generation
If you you loose 0.1 % of potential earnings
= 9.6 Million USD loss@ 8000 hours /...
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Anna Gray replied to Diana Davey
I would like to understand why the two European companies went bankrupt.
Combination of factors / forces.
Making Silicon panels is Energy intensive ( to purify Sand to silicon ) for large area of silicon / low value array which PV needs
High labour costs in Europe compared to Asia.
Reduction and near removal in some countries of Energy feed in... -
Anna Gray made a comment
DUH!
Lightbulb moment.....
Why did UK Gov remove nearly all feed in tariffs?
think ......
Who benefits from feed in tariffs in England and Wales?
People who own houses with roofs with large enough surface area, that receive a bit of sunshine.
Thus
Homeowners with sufficient cash to invest and then get payback
= relatively wealthy residents of the... -
Anna Gray replied to Fakher Omezzine
@AlanHayman : Alan the 215kW / Blockchain transaction is fiction : it is simply not the case.
I do not know where this number has come from exactly, and the authors provide no reference or context to this misleading number.I presume this figure has come from one very specific use of Blockchain, computation of Bitcoins and other virtual...
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Anna Gray replied to Maria Grigg
Another aspect to Boothbay projetct : 1.85Mw ; a small wind turbine
https://www.concordmonitor.com/gridsolar-maine-boothbay-non-wires-alternatives-energy-grid-21827226
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Fanny, you mention France's nuclear fleet, unique globally for the percentage of contribution it makes to the nation's demand.
The problem for France is that the power stations, all built over 10-15 years will all need to come off line at about the same time in an ideally phased approach. The reactors are all ageing equally and most close to their first...
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Anna Gray replied to Vassili BRIODEAU
@FannyG.
Danny, Vassili
The Boothbay project was a cable capacity problem on the overhead wires into this small isolated area. the existing cabling, probably run in in the 1950s had been designed with maybe 100% over capacity for then, but we are now in 2020 and consume much more power.The electricity used by consumers peaks in the mornings and...
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“feed in tariff” mechanism which guarantee the price paid by the producer, TO the producer,
I think the author is trying to explain that the project, upon completion, will be guaranteed a price / unit of electricity generated for the life time of the project.
This is essentially what has been done for the UK's Hinkley C nuclear power station.
This sounds... -
One key factor is energy density. The amount of K Watts you can generate / square meter.
For example a Gas turbine can be housed in a shipping container and generate about 4-500 MW guaranteed.
https://www.ge.com/power/gas/gas-turbines/9ha
This install would present guaranteed supply, redundancy ( buy two ) and low, fully predictable maintenance costs which... -
Wiki has a good overall explanation on this here ( Strike prices as you mention ) :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_KingdomAnd a detail of a recent large investment Hinkley C which gives an estimate of times scales on payback and financing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinkley_Point_C_nuclear_power_station
A huge...
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Fanny. I am grateful for your thoughts and feedback.
'When comparing sources of energy with each other'
Comparing differing renewables sources directly is a challenge, their reliability, cost of install, scalability, energy production 'return time' differ widely.Tidal : Hydo : many countries don't have significant Hydo ( UK ) or Tidal
Solar works...
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Anna Gray replied to Derek Bolster
The big challenge is charging EVs during the day when there is 'usually ' an excess of PV production depending on which country and season you are in. Hawaii has a problem with peak generation/ contribution to the grid during the day when no one actually needs it.
Even in the UK, PV can provide 5-25% of total grid demands during a sunny...
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The current situation in Australia is an excellent example of how politics drives the energy and energy security market. It is not alone however.
Less well known is the current plan to open a coal mine in the UK
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cumbria-50274212
Trudy Harrison, Conservative MP for Copeland
"It is vital that this development goes... -
US Dept of Energy has this article which provides good insight
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Anna Gray made a comment
Blockchain as a distributed database of verifiable transactions is in some ways a solution looking for a problem, but they also said that about lasers.
As the energy market become more atomised, suppliers to the grid and consumers from it become more diverse, more geographically distributed, coupled with sophisticated consumption tariffs, a new charging and... -
Anna Gray replied to Fakher Omezzine
Derek ; I think '215 kWh per transaction' is highly questionable, far too low ( Bitcoin ) and several orders of magnitude too high for normal day to day applications in use today.
In Bitcoin as a specific example, the 'problem' / 'mathematical computation' of Bitcoin becomes exponentially more difficult, then yes that figure might have 'some' merit, but...
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Demand for Electricity nationally and globally is increasing not decreasing.
Western nations are bing encouraged to use Electric Vehicles increasingly and other portable devices while nationally lower reliance on nuclear, coal and gas.
Developing nations with growing populations, economies and expectations require a huge increase in supply of affordable... -
Derick : if we calculate the total energy produced by burning coal, oil or gas from thermodynamic principles, and then measure the total electricity power output of a large power station, it shows that the energy output of the power station is about 35% of total energy put into it. This applies to all systems, local generators...
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Anna Gray replied to Paul Cairns
The field of behavioural economics has provided insights into this. People as a whole want to do the right thing, usually unsure how best to achieve that. Or, they often feel so overwhelmed by choice on what to do, they decide to do nothing.
The idea of 'nudge' has come about where. This provides consumers with a default choice is a relatively safe but can be... -
Anna Gray replied to Robin O'Grady
LED technology is improving all the time, the challenges LED lighting has is often heat dissipation and power conversion.
LEDs work at volts, household supply is usually 220 V, so there is a big drop down required, usually done inside the bulb )
Further, with demand for brighter, 'whiter' light, larger chips are made ( expensive ) with large dies required to... -
Anna Gray replied to Maaike Ortibus
Two things of note with LED lighting, the amount of light they emit, measured in Lumens and their colour temperature, represented by Kelvin.
I personally find the LED lighting most commonly sold is 2700K. For day time focus I prefer a light closer to daylight 3000-3500K which does not mean it requires more power, it just is a different colour of white light... -
On a house hold level, 10s of Watts, not much.
If we said at night time that LED lighting saved each household in the UK or France 100Watt ( the equivalent of one bright traditional tungsten bulb ), at 25-30 million households in each country, this would represent 2.5 Giga Watt saving in national energy consumption, about 2 nuclear power stations.
I do... -
Anna Gray made a comment
A quick look here at the UK market
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820843/Energy_Consumption_in_the_UK__ECUK__MASTER_COPY.pdfPage 1 : Consumption of Petroleum Page 10
There has been little if any ( possibly negative ) progress on energy consumption in vehicle use.
Economic success means... -
Anna Gray replied to Pablo Fernandez
The paper is very dense, very academic very difficult to read for this native English speaker, let alone anyone for whom English is a second language.
I skipped to the conclusion in the hope of finding some 'plain English' takeaways.
eg : I have no idea what this sentence means.'Organizational attributes that contribute to absorptive capacity that
is... -
Anna Gray made a comment
I have suggested elsewhere that cost of energy is rarely a factor for many individuals or companies, it is a sunk, unavoidable cost.
This has been made more apparent where European nations at pains to kick start economies post 2008 and now COVID, keen to boots jobs and productivity, often at the cost of emissions.
Is any government currently going to look... -
Anna Gray made a comment
Energy consumption in most service sector industries is not large compared to other much more significant costs, especially wages.
There is little incentive and sometimes little opportunity for companies to seek cost savings or efficiencies through investment.
We have used 'market' techniques to ensure price for energy is low to the consumer, and then...
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Anna Gray made a comment
A significant use of energy globally is heating and cooling.
This is particularly true n West and south Africa S.E. Asia etc where the use of cooling air conditioners for offices and increasingly, homes is widespread.
Buildings are simply not designed to be insulated to keep the cold in.
Lighting and computers are really quite efficient in a modern day... -
Anna Gray made a comment
Why Hawaii moved away from retail net energy metering.
1 What was the initial advantage of it for solar panel owners?
The original NEM model paid owners of PV systems to export their excess energy to the grid at the same rate as when they consumed the energy from the grid. PV owners could only export energy when the sun was out, during the day.
This would... -
Ah.. penny drops : I didn't understand why the grid demand dropped during the day.
Overall consumption of energy does not drop, but a lot of homes and companies use the energy they themselves generate from PV, meaning they use LESS from the grid, but as the sun goes down there is a rapid and large increase of demand of energy from the grid to replace the... -
Anna Gray replied to Diana Davey
Diana
Ditto
I found
https://www.energy-storage.news/blogs/energy-storage-for-fast-flexible-enhanced-frequency-responseAnd the New South Wales planning report which mentions FFR
https://www.transgrid.com.au/what-we-do/Business-Planning/transmission-annual-planning/Documents/2019%20Transmission%20Annual%20Planning%20Report.pdf
see page 25
'We propose... -
Ali
I came across this article in related browsing when studying for the FL Energy Systems Integration course : Fast Frequency Response, a newish concept which will explain more succinctly than I can
https://www.energy-storage.news/blogs/energy-storage-for-fast-flexible-enhanced-frequency-response -
Anna Gray made a comment
Beth, thank you, very good presentation.
My takeaway is 'The future of Energy production AND consumption is complicated'
I had never thought about the steep drop in supply of solar every day which has to be replaced. At least this is predictable based on time of year/day.
How hard would it be to encourage smartphones and smart cars to monitor renewable... -
We a re a long way away from peak oil or peak gas, however future medium and long term infrastructure planning needs to reduce reliance on fossil fuel consumption and re-focus on renewables.
Further, distribution of heat does not scale over wide areas and small population densities.
Comparing a case study we reviewed earlier ( Copenhagen ) and New... -
WOW :
'67 gigawatt-hours per year, based on wind conditions on a typical German North Sea site' -
Cities and towns across the world are busy from dawn to dusk. Outside of those hours, even cities like Cairo, Delhi, London, Lagos, New York and Tokyo become quieter, less car traffic, less office occupation, less power consumption for AC and lighting.
That means, especially for Electricity production, all the generators have to be ON to meet the peak daily... -
Anna Gray made a comment
Really enjoying the course, it naturally raises much more operational and planning questions that it can possibly answer
