Jordy van Zandwijk
Technical Physician at the University of Twente. I work there as a researcher and teacher, and am part of the team developing the course on Ultrasound Imaging.
Location University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Activity
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Fawzi Atshan
Okay, nice ones. But do you know what radar exactly means? I don't think there is any ultrasound involved in it :)
But no worries, it's a common misunderstanding and often confused with sonar technology, which is used by the marine. Later on, you get to know that ultrasound works better with water than with air, so hopefully then it all makes sense!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Fawzi Atshan
Yes! Can you give specific examples in your own environment maybe..?
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Isn't it wonderful!
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You can make this animations very easily with programs like Matlab!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Hanieh Bozorgi
Hi Hanieh, subtitles are already added to each video! You can turn them manually of and on, so maybe in your videoplayer you have to turn them on (each time)?
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Hi Santhirasegaram. I'm sure you'll learn more about US in this course that helps you understanding (personal) problems. Of course we focus a lot on the technique, but the physical and clinical aspects plays a role in some cases as well! (check out the physiotherapy case).
Regarding knee problems, your support and musculoskeletal system should always be...
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Nice to see the great variety of you! I hope to satisfy all your needs in this course, but for more questions or additional stuff you want to discuss, just let us know in the discussion!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Fawzi Atshan
Hi Fawzi, he has a very interesting case with some nice US images later on this week! Maybe you can say something about the case and similarities with your work/patients later on..?
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Hi George, what a touching story you have. I hope you learn in this course more about US that helps you in hopefully an upcoming healthy future!
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Care to elaborate on that Peter?
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Welcome to you all who made it to the last week! I'm just curious, was it what you expected in the beginning??
Good luck with the final week.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ath Chor
That is perfectly possible, I assume that for your hospital/country this is not obligated to do? What do you think of this?
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Nice answers everyone! :)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to STEPHEN OLASOKO
Seems plausible, can you show your calculations to everyone? And I'm also not sure what you mean with a wavelength of 2m?
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It can be, as a rule of thumb you can use that injecting 40 cc of air into a blood vessel will be lethal, which is a quite high number. Less volume of air by a simple syringe is therefore always be avoided since large bubbles may still cause problems (e.g. air embolisms). The air bubbles in here are microbubbles, which is the major difference with 'simple air'...
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It is, but not that often. Especially for infants and newborns it can be useful. Can you maybe reason why, or what would be the problem??
(think back of the content from Week 2!)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Gerard Reilly
Good feedback, thanks! It is hard to imagine this if you haven't done or seen this before, so also for me a bit hard to explain it only by means of a video. What I did simultaneously with the real probe should have been exactly the same as what the simulator shows you by the way.
But I agree that this could have been improved.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ath Chor
I know, silly name... :)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Mohammad Naveed Qureshi
Indeed that is very important. Do you know places were US machines are that you can use for training?
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Hint: Use the formula from the video
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to STEPHEN OLASOKO
Hi Stephen, that's the question! Do you have an answer on that?
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The answer is in the first part of your reaction. Also, check the tabel underneath the video. Velocity is determined by the type of tissue.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Felix Ikuomola
Do you mean like quantifying this?
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Wouldn't that mean that the acoustic impedance would change all the time? What do you think of that?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Eugenio Azzopardi
This is indeed a bit more difficult, but we're getting there!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to SHAKILA ANJUM
Maybe let it sink in for a while, and re-read it another day? :)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Elizabeth Palmer
Nice comparison, like!
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You will be imaging different areas/anatomy. Is that what you meant with your question?
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Good to see you replying here, don't forget to take a look as well on the Padlet wall, and maybe even share some thoughts and ideas over there as well!
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Yes! Can you think of other applications for the mobile version as well?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ath Chor
What did you wanted to know from this video? Maybe what you expected will be discussed later in the course..?? Please let us know if you have improvements!
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They are not using anything, this has to do with the anatomy of their inner ears. There is a structure that can 'capture' different frequencies, and this structure differs in length (so more or less frequencies) between animals.
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If you consider the formula mentioned in the video, then indeed if you change frequency the wavelength changes. But do you also know now what determines the velocity of the sound wave?
(Hint: it has nothing to do with the US system..)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ath Chor
Then I think you will be lucky this week!
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Hi Marzena, you are absolutely right, since there are of course situations where US can be immediately helpful in case of emergency. We should have nuanced this and where perhaps too much generalizing. Life functions are always the first thing you should consider, but sometimes US aids you in how to restore the right life functions.
Thanks anyways for your...
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And at which places would you measure Maartje?
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Would you measure only at the stenosis or are there also other places?
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Remember that it's just a monitor displaying information. With basic HDMI cables you can split/transfer the signal to any other device with HDMI input you like! Can be very helpful, especially for demonstrations or ultrasound education.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ifza H
Good! Do you like other cases as well?
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You will pick up more knowledge throughout the course, and hopefully you will be able to understand this better in the end! (and maybe even be able to solve our case :)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ath Chor
Very good reference, nice illustration here. Perhaps we should include the link in the article don't you think?
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Please try to also give explanations to your answers! This can help others to understand your reasoning as well and may lead to new ideas for the ones that are less experiences with the technique.
Besides, I see a lot of satisfying answers :)
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Very nice to see the variety of you here. I sincerely hope there will be something new and exciting for everyone. I see a lot of professionals here who want to benefit immediately from this course. I would like to know in the end of this has worked and how it influenced daily work for all of you.
Enjoy the course!
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I hope so! This is exactly how we made the course and how it should be.
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Hi all! I'm very excited to see how you experience the course. Please let me know if there would be anything I can do for you or help you with during the course. Good Luck!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to juliet barnard
Very well! What is the most important setting that you learned to tweak Juliet?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Sunday Agunede
Good to know Sunday! Did you also post something on the Padlet wall?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to A Mitchell
Again, a wonderfull overview and a nice additional website you provided us with A Mitchell! It is also good at the second point to think about the exact location where to measure with respect to the (suspected) stenosis. Do you measure before, at, or after this stenosis?
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Very nice overview of steps that you would take. What about the transducer frequency at point 1, how would you change this?
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Interesting to see your thoughts about anisotropy A Mitchell, and that it won't be a reason since two different orientations were used in this case. Did you also consider that in the different orientations you still have multiple degrees of freedom to tilt and angulate your probe around the interesting structures?
And those are some nice links you added, I...
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Of course Valia! Let us know if you need help on some topics!
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
It's good to see you posting your thoughts here, but also don't forget to go to the Padlet wall and see what many other learners have said/thought before you!
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Nice to see the great variety of learners that joined us in this course!
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Good to see you all here, I hope that you'll learn something from this course!
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I see that some of you do a great job in showing the underlying math for this concept, well done! The most important thing, however, is to give an interpretation on the math that you did. Some of you do this very well, but if you haven't done so already go give it a try!
What do you think a ratio Pr/Pi of 0.99 means?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Dr MDS
Yes, thanks for the explanation Yoeri. This is the main reason that your temporal resolution decreases if you use this technique. You can use your time of flight knowledge to demonstrate this principle of a decreased temporal resolution.
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Don't forget to post your input also on the Padlet wall, so your fellow learners can quickly overview all the reactions!
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Hi Emma, this is perfectly possible, although you still use ultrasound live to get immediate feedback of what you are imaging. What kind of complex processing do you think of?
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You will see this later on in the week from a 'familiar face'!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Nicholas Sutcliffe
Yes really! :) How would you call it?
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Hi Deborah, I'm not quite sure what you meant with this comment. Can you maybe rephrase your question or feedback for us? Thanks!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Luis Kitembo
Are there still points from the video unclear or hard to understand for you after some reviews Luis?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Jei Lin
Thanks Jei Lin, did you also use the Padlet Wall to share your expressions?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Maurice Healy
You can view the transcript by clicking the link just below the video. Great to re-read some text mentioned in the video Maurice!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Elisabeth Gemmell
Wonderful reaction Cyril, thank you very much! :)
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Yes, there are most certainly more portable versions of machines with Doppler technology. If you want to use it as imaging tool, most of the time in combination with the standard 'B-mode' ultrasound, you will need a monitor. It can however still be portable in such a way that it fits into a suitcase. If you are talking about Doppler technology without imaging...
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Thanks for the links, and it is a good idea to keep these in mind especially in Case II. Maybe you can also place your ideas in Physiotherapy case.
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
There are a lot of comments that mention the possibility of free fluids (blood?) or air as a cause for this disturbed image. Can someone maybe elaborate how we can distinguish these two from each other, or what we should do to dinstinguish them?
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As long as there is a good contact between the probe and the skin (through the gel of course!) this will not hamper the imaging. :)
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Hi Ahmad, that's a nice differential diagnosis. Should I assume that your number 1) is your first choice?
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Excellent elaboration! You mention a lot of the arguments we thought of when drafting these case questions. Be sure to check out the preferred choice of our ultrasound expert in a video in Week 5.
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Nice to hear that you did some additional work by yourself! I think you understand this already quite well. In Week 2 we will elaborate more about this 'technical perspective' on ultrasound. Check out the videos named 'The basic physics of sound' and 'Resolution' later on in Week 3.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Nart A
It can't, you can only use it as guidance during the procedure. The canal to drain fluid is made with a needle.
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Good that you notices this. We should have mentioned pleural fluid instead of lung edema in the videos. Pleural fluid is located between the pleural layers and can be drained (under US guidance). Lung edema is NOT to be treated by draining, but by (a combination of) mechanical ventilation, diuretic therapy, or optimizing cardiac function. Here, the choice of...
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Most of you prefer perpendicular over parallel, are there also reasons to choose for parallel in this case?
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You are not entirely correct, but the way you think is a good step ahead!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Martyn Elton
This is a hard thing to do Martyn, but fortunately the developing bony structures are still very small. By using a regular 'adult' probe you transmit sound waves that encounter multiple intercostal spaces, also because of the sector-shaped field. Therefore, when you are looking for the pediatric heart, you will probably also see multiple tiny ribs.
Perhaps...
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This is exactly what was done at the hospital. After the abdominal CT the physicians found the 'air leak', coming from his stomach. The patient was treated with surgery afterwards.
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Excellent thought! Both options can work, depending on which textbook you use as a reference, or in other words, which agreements you make. We used + vr, which already indicated that sound towards the right of the image is positive.
Furthermore, we are planning to provide you additional material on this topic in the last week of the course, so stay tuned!
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Thank you for the elaboration, we could have provided you more detailed information in the answers, but this has the risk of becoming too medical for a lot of learners. However, it is nice to see someone explaining their thoughts.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Joel Sombroek
Thanks for the feedback, we will definitely incorporate this into future runs of the course. Your thought that a question can be interpret in several ways has been heard before, so this is really something we should take care about.
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The formulation used in this question is indeed somewhat ambiguous. As Stephen Wolstenhulme already explained, the option ‘The ultrasound beam combines different angles’ suggests that a beam is sent into the tissue under various angles at the same time. In compound imaging however, a series of subsequent plane US waves is are emitted, each plane wavewith a...
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Please use this discussion to express your ideas for an unanswered or not discussed technical topic. If you have questions, feedback, or comments regarding the previous test it is better to use this week's summary in Step 4.11.
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
We have chosen the medical topic and are currently concerned with producing the content. I can say that this topic has been mentioned several times in this discussion, although it was a difficult choice due to the variety of requests.
Stay tuned to see next week which topic will be presented to you in Week 6!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to trevor weeks
Try not to confuse this with redshifting of light moving away from the observer. In Doppler, how confusing it may be for you, the colors are just vice-versa with light physics.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Hassan AlMaateeq
Did you take the right formule to come to your answer? There should be a factor 2 in there because of the 2-step process in Doppler.
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Carola Schoonheim
It is a seperate button, although it may vary how the button looks like among different systems (e.g. button/switch/rotary knob/etc.)
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Ammar Hadi
Hi Ammar, the knobs or button vary for each US device so we didn't incorporate a table with this. If you want to do a quick search for a specific function we recommend to search in the transcript of this video. Click on the timestamps to see the effects of each function.
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Jordy van Zandwijk made a comment
Everyone please use this discussion to provide us with ideas for the additional medical topic. If you have questions, comments, or feedback for the previous test, use the next discussion (Reflection Time).
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You are both completely right. We should have mentioned pleural fluid instead of lung edema in the videos. Pleural fluid is located between the pleural layers and can be drained (under US guidance). Lung edema is NOT to be treated by draining, but by (a combination of) mechanical ventilation, diuretic therapy, or optimizing cardiac function. Here, the choice...
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Hi Henk-Willem, 3-D is obtained through a combination of multiple 2-D cross-sections/images (though still on a 2-D screen..), 4-D is indeed a movie of 3-D images.
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Hi Kenneth, I'm curious for your opinion on this, do you think men should be allowed to US pregnant women?
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Nice thoughts Ammar! As you can see, the probe is connected with the laptop of the sonographer. Something like infant cardiac scanning would definitely be possible, but it may require an other probe. What do you think is/are the major advantages of connecting the hardware to a mobile system such as a laptop?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Kees Weterman
Nice observation, on the US image you see indeed the lower arm bone. The picture says "breast" since we started with this predefined protocol. Actually, we should have changed this, but it is nice to see learners paying that much attention to the images!
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That's interesting, in some countries US guidance in this procedure is obligatory, and some countries are working towards such protocols. Do you see reasons for this?
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to [Learner left FutureLearn]
This question is exactly the one we want the learners to be puzzled with prior to the course. Hopefully you are able to explain this matter in a concise way to your teacher after the course. Even better, show him/her the course and reopen your discussion :)
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You will get an impression of a FAST US in our third case at the Radiology department. Thanks for the clear explanation Marisia!
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Helene Esvant
You will see examples of muscles, bones, and vessels in the experts videos and cases from this week, but we will not teach you based on many images and legends. In the technical weeks starting from Week 2 you will learn why muscles, bones, and vessels look different, and how you can expect these structures to look like based a technical understanding of...
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Jordy van Zandwijk replied to Daniel Escutia
Hi Daniel, interesting to see that you start commenting on the technical aspects of ultrasound imaging. Exactly what you are discussing - and more - will be mentioned in Weeks 2, 3 and 4.
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Hi Mary, don't worry if you found the questions too hard. The quiz is intended as a warming up for this Week. Perhaps you can try to recheck on the quiz after you finished this week.
