Anne Jay
I'm a lecturer in the School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences at the Open University. I research a type of volcano called large igneous provinces.
Location The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
Activity
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Anne Jay made a comment
Congratulations everyone on completing the course. The forum discussions were brilliant, I feel that they really enhanced the course, I hope fellow learners felt so too.
This is the final presentation of this course on FutureLearn. If you want to recommend it to others a version of it can be found on OpenLearn.... -
Anne Jay replied to Philip Dunn
@PhilipDunn Thanks Philip, we enjoyed making it.
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@MariaGrigg you are completely right, although it is not that common for pebbles (which make a conglomerate) to be washed out to sea, as the current isnt strong enough to carry them.
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@SamHancock unfortunately not.
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It was an easy and clear way to show in black and white figures in scientific journals.
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Anne Jay replied to Morwenna Williams
@MorwennaWilliams I hope this helps a bit https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html
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@SamHancock Yes we can see variations in sea level throughout the Earths history, but it's not an easy part of geology to do!
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@AletheaBothwell great, that is right.
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Anne Jay replied to Beate Doerre
@BeateDoerre Sorry, this course is quite old in the Futurelearn world and the pin board wasn't available when we made it. Until you mentioned it i didn't know it existed. thanks for telling us. however, it's unlikely we will be able to change it now as I expect the course will be retired from FutureLearn soon as it has been given an OpenLearn version.
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Anne Jay replied to Terry Pink
It should be the one you get to when you click on the link. Sorry if it isn't clear.
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Anne Jay replied to Olwen Poulter
If you think it is sandstone which glitters, the glitter is normally a mineral called muscovite mica, if your interested.
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Anne Jay replied to [Learner left FutureLearn]
@SuziAnderson If you have a flickr account you could look at the pictures that people post there. Or just look for rocks when you are able to get out and about again, which I hope will be soon :)
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Anne Jay replied to Beate Doerre
@BeateDoerre ok, I'll see what I can do. Firstly, shale is a sedimentary rock and slate is a metamorphic rock. Shale is formed when very small grains, of flatish clay minerals are deposited in the oceans. As they settle out they tend to land flat side down. Imagine throwing a pack of cards in the air and them all falling down on the ground in a messy...
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@ClaudiaCullen we need to differentiate between geographic poles, which are the points around which the earth rotates (imagine the Earth on a skewer, rotating, the north and south poles are where the skewer would poke out of the earth) and the magnetic North and South poles. These are where your compass points to. They are in similar places, but not the same....
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@NigelCoe Just to clarify it's not magma, which is only found in certain places the Earth's crust, it's the outer core which is a molten iron nickle alloy.
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Anne Jay replied to Agnes Goyvaerts
the clue is the fossils.
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Anne Jay made a comment
HI,
Sorry I changed the group name on Flickr so it doesn't have August in it, but I can't edit the text in the MOOC :( It is still the right group though. -
Anne Jay replied to John Sloman
Hi @JohnSloman You are right Marble is a metamorphic rock. The rock is recrystallised as a solid. So a metamorphic rock is eother formed by increased temperatures and pressures or just increased temperature. The former is more common in mountain building zones where tectonic plates colliding create high temperatures and pressures. This temperature and...
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That is fascinating, thanks @carolepannhoff
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Hi @IsidoraDumitrov Have a look at my brief explanation above.
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@RichardRees the movement of the pole which is recorded on OS maps is called geomagnetic secular variation and it is just the random wobble of the Earth's magnetic field.
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@RichardRees all good questions.
very briefly, as these are all big research topics.
1) we know the magnetic field is created by the liquid outer core which is mostly made of iron and nickel. It has currents flowing in it due to convection and the Earth spinning. These move and alter over time and can change enough to cause the Earth's magnetic field to... -
Anne Jay replied to Laura Henderson
@LauraHenderson Excellent question.
During radioactive decay the parent isotope decays into the daughter isotope, so as the daughter isotope increases the parent isotope decreases at the same rate. So by carefully measuring both the amount of parent and daughter isotopes you can work back and see what your starting amount of parent isotope was.
This method... -
@IanClark Awesome, did they believe you? it is pretty amazing.
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Anne Jay made a comment
HI,
Sorry I changed the group name on Flickr so it doesn't have August in it, but I can't edit the text in the MOOC :( -
Anne Jay replied to Kathleen Walker
@KathleenWalker Sorry you couldn't see some of the rocks in detail, it is hard to film them well. Most of the shells were found in limestone rather than marble. Marble is metamorphosed limestone, so limestone that has been heated and/ or squashed to high pressures and temperatures, so it is rare for fossils to survive in marble. But it can be difficult to tell...
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Anne Jay replied to Natalie Morant
@NatalieMorant I can save you there. Not all granite work tops are made of granite, in fact very few are. The term granite has been hijacked by the interior rock marketers to mean any rock that isn't marble/limestone, normally one that will take a polish. SO don't worry if it doesn't match what we say.
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Anne Jay replied to Agnes Goyvaerts
I'm sure you will find something. Banks are a good place to look because they wanted to show that they had enough money to import stone from else where.
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Anne Jay replied to Ríobárd (Rob) Stuart Williams
@RichardBell that is exciting!
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Anne Jay replied to Peter Rawcliffe
It's just practice, like most things. But I think you will find that as long as the grains are big enough to see by eye you will be surprised what you can work out yourself.
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Anne Jay replied to Arturo Ricardo Rojo Contreras
Thanks Artura, but unfortunately we can't cover everything, chemical precipitates are a bit much for an introductory course :)
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Anne Jay replied to Reeteka Sud
Hi Reeteka, those are my favourite types of rock, they are basalt formed from a volcano, so you are right, they are igneous. The columns, care called columnar jointing and are caused by the rock shrinking as it cools. Enjoy.
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@IsidoraDumitrov It's great to know you are learning new things.
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Hi @IsidoraDumitrov that's a great suggestion, what does everyone else think?
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Anne Jay replied to Isidora Dumitrov
Possibly Cornwall in the UK, but I am not sure.
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Anne Jay made a comment
Woo hoo, well done. Week one is complete. I hope you have enjoyed week one.
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Anne Jay made a comment
Please forgive the dinosaurs arriving too early.
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Anne Jay made a comment
The Flickr page has some of the photos from previous learners so you can enjoy those too.
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Anne Jay replied to Ríobárd (Rob) Stuart Williams
@JasonAndrews looking things up isn't cheating its learning :) Unless you look then up in an exam of course.
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Anne Jay replied to Ríobárd (Rob) Stuart Williams
Hi Robert. Although Diamonds and coal are both carbon (coal has a lot of other stuff in it as well). Natural diamonds a form of pure carbon. They form deep in the mantle where the temp and pressure is high enough for the graphite structure to change to the much stronger diamond structure. The only part of the Earth that is hot enough and under enough pressure...
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Anne Jay replied to D Phillip Crawford
you are so lucky. I study continental flood basalts and I have been to the Columbia river twice it is beautiful.
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Anne Jay replied to Anne Fisher
@AnneFisher Pester your MP and get friends to pester them too. if enough people care enough to take the time to write to their MP, they will have to take notice.
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hi
All rain is naturally acidic from the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which forms the weak acid, carbonic acid. It gets too acidic when we burn things that contain sulphur (e.g., coal) and than makes sulphuric acid which is a strong acid, and therefore much more damaging. Generally with the decrease in coal burning for electricity acid rain is now not... -
Anne Jay replied to Anne Fisher
Hi,
I do know exactly how you feel. It feels like such a mountain to climb. I guess the best thing it to try to do as much as you can where you live. I'm building a green wall on my garage, planting plants in 2l bottles that have been donated to me, although I have had to buy plastic pipes to set up the irrigation system, :(. But I hope it will last a long... -
Anne Jay replied to Peter Brown
Has it happened in E Africa too. I thought it was mostly Bangladesh that has had the arsenic problem.
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Anne Jay replied to Philip Drury
Thank you. We tried to make the course as interesting and varied as possible. Covering lots of the Earth sciences without being a bog standard Geology 101.
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Anne Jay replied to Yvonne Williams
@JudyDixon The use of 'kind of' in someone speech is perfectly acceptive, especially when under the pressure of being interviewed on camera. It is only noticeable when the transcript is read, as writing out spoken text and then reading it in your head always sounds strange. We don't write in the same way that we speak.
Please could you consider carefully... -
Anne Jay replied to Yvonne Williams
@YvonneWilliams Hello Yvonne, The transcript is exactly that, the written text of the words Dr Bell said. In general people do not write in the same way as we speak (it would sound very odd if we did) and as such, idioms occur in speech much more frequently than they do in written text. When they occur in text, as in this case, they can look quite...
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@ColinBanks Hi Sorry about the lack of a key. we will see if we can get permission to use it, but it is easier said than done. Thanks again for making the effort to enquire. Anne
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Anne Jay made a comment
Welcome to Week 3 everyone. In this week we learn about oil. The addiction of modern times. What is it used for? What is it? How does it form and how do we find it? Geology is a detective story, taking many clues and adding them together to find the most plausible answer, that you hope is right.
Although this week is about oil, the material you lean about is... -
Because their are different types of copper deposits that are formed in different ways. the African copper deposits aren't porphyry deposits.
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/downloads/start.cfm?id=1410
This probably has more on copper than you ever wanted to know :) -
HI, you seem to have explained it well. the glacier erodes material, transports it somewhere, water and wind can remove the smaller material but the boulder and bigger pebbles remain where the glacier dropped them. does that help?
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hi
Yes it can contain other impurities, which often change its colour (i.e. amethyst). Although it contains small amounts of impurities, such as iron in the case of amethyst, the basic chemical formula and structure of the crystal lattice (the way the atoms are arranged in a regular pattern) is still that of quartz SiO2. -
Anne Jay replied to Hazel Lintott
What a great discussion everyone.
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Anne Jay replied to Stuart Elliott
I think it is probably because they were found in rare minerals. They may have been though of as rare when they were 1st found as they hadn't been found before.
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Anne Jay made a comment
There is an error on the map. the arrows that show India moving away from Asia should be the other way round. India is moving towards Asia and it is a destructive plate boundary. Sorry!
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Anne Jay replied to John Lateano
Good though and I recall about 20 years ago they have thought about lubricating the San Andreas fault, and in fact natural water does act as a lubricant in faults. But faults in the Earth's crust aren't single flat planes. They are multiple faults many of which are often formed of meters of crushed up rock, and they aren't smooth. Even if you could lubricate...
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During a reversal I think magnetic poles pop up all over the place. We don't loose our magnetic field it just goes a bit haywire for a few thousand years.
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@därylF Generally if a rock has been metamorphosed all signs of fossils will disappear. Very occasionally you do find weird warped fossils in marble (originally limestone) but it is very rare. Metamorphism by its definition is new crystals growing. The original ones are not happy at the temperature and pressure that the rock finds itself at and so the parts...
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Anne Jay replied to Barbara Rose
Yes we were not impressed either. But that is what happens when you let the creative department loose on science and then don't have the budget to correct it. Sorry for the confusion, but I hope you got the jist of it.
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Anne Jay replied to John Murrell
There has been suggestion that the 1st appearance of globally distributed plutonium 239, from the 1st nuclear tests could be used as an indicator for the start of the Anthropocene. Can nuclear weapons fallout mark the beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch? Waters et al 2015, (Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists)
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Anne Jay replied to Philip Shakespeare
Hi, Sorry about that. It was out of our control and we cant get it changed now.
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Think of mountains like the Himalaya.
But it might make more sense when we have done a bit of plate tectonics. Perhaps come back to the rock cycle then. -
Anne Jay replied to Anne Fisher
Hi Anne. You are right the alignment is not so easy to see in marble. But marble is quite a special metamorphic rock. We think of it as white and that is when it is derived from pure limestone (calcium carbonate), but if there are other elements in the limestone, before it is metamorphosed, you do get other colours (different minerals) and they often form bands.
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Anne Jay made a comment
Welcome everybody to The Earth in My pocket an introduction to Geology. I am your lead educator for this course and together with Nikola we will be here on the forum with you. We hope you enjoy the course as much as Marcus and I enjoyed making it. It is not your typical geology course and takes you to all parts of the world and many aspects of geological and...
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Anne Jay replied to mary russell
@AmyHowarth I completely agree and I am really glad that @Mary Russell raised the points that she did and I will do my best to have them changed before the next presentation.
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Anne Jay replied to Rosemary Slater
If they are rechargeable, great. We do need batteries and all sorts of things that are not great for the environment. Everyone has an environmental footprint. the best way to make it smaller is to use as little as possible of the earths resources. So always try to buy better quality things that will last longer/be recharged. And try not to by new stuff if you...
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They are found all over the place, but persuading mine companies to develop the technology to turn it into a large scale process is tricky.
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Anne Jay replied to Angela Grist
@AngelaGrist That is super news. Would you be able to e mail me if he does sign up for an OU degree anne.jay@open.ac.uk. It would be great to tell my boss that the course has inspired someone to actually sign up to an OU degree. If you don't want to that is fine, but if you don't mind, I would appreciate it. Thank you, and best of luck to you both with future...
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Anne Jay replied to Lilian Williams
OW! get well soon.
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Anne Jay replied to Dennis Orgill
That was our plan Dennis, learning even a small amount of geology changes the way you look at the world.
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Anne Jay replied to Angela Grist
Thanks Angela. Its wonderful to here that you have enjoyed the course. Can I ask, will he be considering the Open University as a place to take his environmental science degree?
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Last I heard they were struggling with funding! there is no money in fixing the problem you have made!
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@GarethLloyd Thanks for all your helpful comments. I hope you have enjoyed the course.
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Anne Jay made a comment
these are all great comments everybody. Keep it up.
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Anne Jay replied to Dennis Orgill
cost or difficulty. The only valuable thing is the product they want, gold or REEs etc. The stuff that is left behind is probably very differento the chemicals that went into the proecessing. A lot of chemical reactions will have taken place and it is probably difficult and too expensive to recover them. If governments made them clean up properly, we refused...
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Anne Jay replied to Robert Pearson
@RobertPearson Carbonatite is much cooler than basaltic lava. its erupts at around 500 deg C, where as basalt is about 1200 Deg C. so it will cool to ambient temperature more quickly. It isn't actually molten limestone, it's a complex mix of things. I think to be a carbonatite it has to be >50% carbonate minerals, but they dont have to be calcuim carbonate....
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Anne Jay replied to Marianne Rose
@AstridThompson
I found this paper which may interest those of you enquiring about the effect of airguns on cetaceans, whales etc. http://www.carolynbarton.co.uk/Stone_Tasker_2006.pdf -
Anne Jay replied to Marianne Rose
I found this paper which may interest those of you enquiring about the effect of airguns on cetaceans, whales etc. http://www.carolynbarton.co.uk/Stone_Tasker_2006.pdf
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Anne Jay replied to Leslye Slater
An unconformity is an horizon where rock has been eroded for a while, therefore it was once at the surface, be it under the sea or on land. Then sediment started to be deposited again. So if you are looking at a whole pile of rocks representing time, you have to be aware of unconformities as they show that there is a chunk of time missing. Remember you can...
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Anne Jay replied to Susan Martineau
the hole will probably collapse in on itself and the space in the rock where the oil was will either fill with water or sometimes it is filled with a a substance to help push the oil out or carbon dioxide is pumped into the reservoir, its called 'carbon sequestration' and it is thought it might help with climate change.
But unlike mining the rock structure... -
Anne Jay replied to Angela Grist
Thnak you all, I am so glad you are enjoying and learning at the same time, it is the best way.
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Anne Jay replied to paula Leitch
Hi Paula, Good thinking, but in limestone all the carbon is caught up in the molecule calcium carbonate that makes up the shells of the plants and animals. So it isn't available to make oil. Limestone can be a good reservoir rock, (the oil forms elsewhere and then moves to the reservoir rock) because it often has plenty of hole sin it, high porosity.
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Anne Jay replied to Wayne Bennett
@WayneBennett That's wonderful, i'm so glad you have enjoyed our course.
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so the beach can only be made of the coral, be it from the island or fish poo!
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Anne Jay replied to Dennis Orgill
yes, it has a very thin coating of iron oxide round the individual sand grains.
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well it depends on what the Island was made of. You will only get quartz if there is some in the rocks on the island to be weatherd and erodded and then end up on the beach.
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Anne Jay replied to Vera Nesterova
i suggest typing them into google translate and using the listen icon on the English side, the pronounciation sounds pretty good to me.
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all elements except Hydrogen and helium were formed in supanova, except the man made ones.
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Anne Jay replied to Robert Pearson
it's so dry they don't rust.
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Anne Jay made a comment
Well done and thank you for completing the course. We hope you have enjoyed it and now have an appreciation of all that geology does for us. If you would like to do some more geology courses I recommend visiting OpenLearn.
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Anne Jay replied to Gareth Lloyd
Thank you for all your helpful and useful comments throughout the course. They have really helped your fellow learners and us.
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Thank you. it took Marcus and I a long time to get it all together, but we enjoyed it. We are hoping to do another geology course, it might not be on Futurelearn though. If you want to lean more geology can I recommend OpenLearn.
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Anne Jay replied to Marianne Rose
Yes, In the Cretaceous there were palm trees at the poles.
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Anne Jay replied to Marianne Rose
To be honest I am unsure, but I doubt they enjoy it much.
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Anne Jay replied to mary russell
HI Mary, I get your point. Please could you stop bringing this up now.
All your other insightful, helpful and interesting comments are very welcome and please continue. -
Anne Jay replied to Marianne Rose
yes, you are right.
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Anne Jay replied to mary russell
@maryrussell I'm glad you are liking the course. We were asked to make a course that is not a typical geology '101'. We have tired to interest people by relating as much geology as we could to our everyday lives.
I appreciate your comments about the figures. But often we didn't chose them, you should have seen the nightmare we had trying to get them to chose... -
Anne Jay replied to Jacqueline Spurlin
Lovely video thanks. but it didn't say anywhere why they used copper. it must have added to the cost and could so easily have been solar panels, that would have been useful. But all my time in AZ and solar has never been a big thing. I hope it is changing.
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Anne Jay replied to Annette Bradley
it isn't current mined. The value of the metals is not high enough to make it commercially viable.
