Here is a version of the glossary in pdf format so you can download it and keep it for future reference.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

AD

Autosomal Dominant (AD) describes inheritance pattern of a genetic condition where one copy of the variant gene is inherited from one of the parients.

AR

Autosomal Recessive (AR) describes inheritance pattern of a genetic condition where two copies of the variant gene are inherited (one from each parent).

B

BioinformaticianPipeline

Bioinformatics pipeline also sometimes known as a workflow describes the set of steps required to convert the raw signal indicating a base pair, through to piecing the genome back together again and assigning where there are sequence variations in comparison to a reference genome.

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C

Cloud

Cloud computing is the practice of using a network of remote servers to store, manage, and process data.

Codon

is a set of 3 bases within the mRNA that encodes for a particular amino acid

CompoundHeterozygous

Compound Heterozygous is where an individual has two different recessive alleles at a specific gene locus, one on each identical chromosome.

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D

DeNovo

De novo mutations are when genetic variant occur in an offspring but are not present in either parent.

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E

ESC

Evolutionary Sequence Conservation (ESC) is where sequence similarity is used as evidence of structural and functional conservation, and evolutionary relationships between sequences.

ExAC

Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) is a coalition of investigators seeking to aggregate and harmonize exome sequencing data from a variety of large-scale sequencing projects.

Exome

Is the part of the genome resulting from exons that code for proteins and functional RNAs.

Exon

The genome consists of introns, non-coding areas and exons, parts of the genome that can code for proteins or functional RNA molecules.

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F

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G

GenePanels

Sets of 10-100s of genes used to identify variants in the human genome linking to specific phenotypes or conditions.

Genotype

Genotype, at its broadest sense, is the genetic characteristics of an individual. When referring to a particular trait it describes the variant forms of a gene that are carried by an organism.

H

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I

IF

Incidental Finding – unexpected genetic changes found during sequencing of the genome.

inSilico

Perform using computer modelling or simulation.

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J

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K

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L

Linux

Computer operating system.

LSBD

Locus specific Database (LSBD): A database describing variants found at particular gene loci.

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M

Microbiology

The branch of science that deals with micro-organisms.

Mis-sense

A Mis-sense is a single base pair change that will cause the formation of an alternate amino acid at that position in the sequence.

MSA

Multiple Sequence Alignment is generally the alignment of two three or more biological sequences (protein or nucleic acid) of similar length. From the output of the alignments, homology can be inferred and the evolutionary relationships between the sequences studied.

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N

NGS

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) – the process by which millions of fragments of DNA can be sequenced in parallel from the same sample.

NonsenseMediatedDecay

In cases where a premature stop codon is incorporated into the mRNA a truncated protein could be created, in this instance this is the mechanism by which eukaryotic cells remove this protein from the cell

Nonsense

Nonsense variant is a single base change in the nucleotide sequence that causes the formation of a stop codon either forming a truncated protein or non-sense mediated decay of the transcript.

Nonsynonymous

Nonsynonymous variant is a single base change in nucleotide sequence that changes the codon leading to the formation of an alternate amino acid.

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O

Ophthalmology

The branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye.

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P

Phenotype

The set of observable characteristics or traits of an individual.

Pfam

Pfam is a database of protein domain families.

PseudonymousData

Pseudonymous Data is a type of data that allows the potential, under certain circumstances, for the manager of the database to re-identify each individual at a future time, usually via a ‘key’ that decodes the pseudonym back into the NHS number. In this sense, pseudonymous data are neither identifiable nor anonymous because all personal identifiers have been removed but identification is still possible through the pseudonym.

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Q

R

RGS

Reference Genome Sequence (RGS) is a digital sequence assembled from sequencing the DNA from a number of donors.

Read

A Read is a fragment of data from the genome.

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S

Sense

Sense variant is a single base change in nucleotide sequence that encodes the same amino acid, as several codons encode for the same amino acid.

SNP

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) is a position in the genome where alternate bases are commonly found amongst a population.

SNV

Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) is a position in an individual’s genome where an alternate base is found in the test genome relative to the reference genome.

Sourceforge

The Sourceforge website offers a repository for the source code, and tools that allow for it to be modified and updated in a way in which the whole community can contribute, but which can still be controlled by the original developers to ensure code quality.

Synonymous

Synonymous variant is a single base change in nucleotide sequence that encodes the same amino acid, as several codons encode for the same amino acid.

SpliceSite

Splice-site is the position of two base pairs at the intron/exon boundary by which the process of splicing occurs to produce the mature mRNA transcript from the pre-mRNA.

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T

U

V

VOUS

Variant of Unknown Significance (VOUS) is a variation in a genetic sequence whose association with disease risk is unknown.

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W

WES

Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) is sequencing of exons only within a genome by NGS.

WGS

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is sequencing of the entire genome by NGS.

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X

Xlinked

X-linked describes the inheritance pattern of a genetic condition that is inherited on the X chromosome, hence males will definitely inherit the disorder as they only have one X chromosome whereas females may show milder symptoms of the condition depending on which genetic disorder it is.

Y

Z

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