Example

Practical Example: A study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to explosive remnants of war (ERW) and long-term physical disabilities among conflict-affected populations.

The researchers followed a cohort study design, recruiting a sample of individuals residing in conflict-affected areas. They collected baseline data on exposure to ERW and other potential risk factors and conducted follow-up assessments over a period of five years to determine the incidence of physical disabilities. The study employed cluster sampling to account for population dispersion and used validated disability assessment tools adapted to the cultural context.

Statistical analysis, including survival analysis techniques, was conducted to estimate the risk of developing physical disabilities associated with ERW exposure.