Criterion(v): represent a culture or human interaction with environment

In this section, I’m going to continue to talk about the criterion five and six, and will also give some examples to illustrate it. The Criterion five, is be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture, or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

In terms of this criteria, traditional settlements may be urban or rural. Similarly, land-use does not just apply to rural occupations. The key aspect of this criterion is that the property must represent a particular culture or cultures and that represent needs to be outstanding in some way. In sometimes assumed that the emphasis in this criterion is on the impact of irreversible change on the impact of irreversible change in that a property that is vulnerable to irreversible change is therefore of outstanding value. This is not the case. However, the vulnerability can mean that what formerly was plentiful has become scarce, and what is left is now rare, possibly the only surviving example of a type of settlement or land-use.

The key phrase is ’land-use’. There must be some reasonably long period of time associated with the settlement or use in order for it to be considered traditional. The settlement or use must also be an outstanding representation of a culture or human interaction with the environment. That is, the settlement or use must be important within the life of the culture, or the human interaction must have universal relevance.

Let me give you some examples. The first example is the Old Town of Lijiang. The Old Town of Lijiang, which is perfectly adapted to the uneven topography of this key commercial and strategic site, has retained a historic townscape of high quality and authenticity. Its architecture is noteworthy for the blending of elements from several cultures that have come together over many centuries. Lijiang also possesses an ancient water-supply system of great complexity and ingenuity that still functions effectively today. And based on the Criterion (v), The Old Town of Lijiang has integrated the mountains, rivers, trees and architecture to create a human habitat featuring the unity between man and nature. featuring the unity between man and nature.

With mountains extending to the plain as the protective screen in the north and the plains in the east and south, the Old Town of Lijiang enjoys a sound geometrical relationship and ecological layout. A forked water system originates from the snow-capped mountain and runs through the villages and the farmland. Heilong Pool and the scattered wells and springs constitute a complete water system, meeting the needs for fire prevention, daily life and production in the town. Water plays an important role in the Old Town’s unique architectural style, urban layout and landscape as the main street and small alleys front onto the canals and some buildings and numerous bridges are constructed across the canals.

As an excellent example of human habitat showing a harmony between man and nature, the Old Town is a remarkable tribute to human ingenuity in land use. So Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui–Xidi and Hongcun is another example I will talk about base on the criterion. The two traditional villages of Xidi and Hongcun preserve to a remarkable extent the appearance of non-urban settlements of a type that largely disappeared or was transformed during the last century. Their street plan, their architecture and decoration, and the integration of houses with comprehensive water systems are very unique surviving examples.

And based on the Criterion (v), it’s normally is that the traditional non-urban settlement of china, which have been a very large, exit disappeared during the past century, are exceptional, well preserved in the village of the Xidi and Hongcun. And we not only the Criterion (v), but the site also lists it based on the Criterion three and the Criterion four. Think about the period lecture and link this to two criteria, the period lecture.

The villages of Xidi and Hongcun are graphic illustrations of a type of human settlement created during a feudal period and based on a prosperous trading economy The criteria four, in their buildings and their street patterns, the two villages of southern Anhui reflect the socio-economic structure of a long-lived settled period of Chinese history The last example I want to give you is the Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces in Switzerland, The Lavaux Vineyard Terraces, stretching for about 30 km along the south-facing northern shores of Lake Geneva, cover the lower slopes of the mountainside between the villages and the lake.

Although there is some evidence that vines were grown in the area in Roman times, the present vine terraces can be traced back to the 11th century. It is an outstanding example of a centuries-long interaction between people and their environment, developed to optimize local resources so as to produce a highly valued wine that has always been important to the economy.

Criterion (v): The Lavaux vineyard landscape is an outstanding example that displays centuries of interaction between people and their environment in a very specific and productive way, optimizing the local resources to produce a highly valued wine that was a significant part of the local economy. It is vulnerability in the face of fast-growing urban settlements has prompted protection measures strongly supported by local communities. And The Lavaux based on the Criterion three. And also link it to the period lecture.

The Lavaux vineyard landscape demonstrates in a highly visible way its evolution and development over almost a millennium, through the well preserved landscape and buildings that demonstrate a continuation and evolution of demonstrate a continuation and evolution of longstanding cultural traditions, specific to its locality.

And also based on Criterion (iv): The evolution of the Lavaux vineyard landscape, as evidenced on the ground, illustrates very geographically the story of patronage, control and protection of this highly valued wine growing area, all of which contributed substantially to the development of Lausanne and its Region and played a significant role in the history of the geo-cultural region.