A brief overview of online fertility
For those of you who are able to go online and search for fertility services, you would have seen that there are a plethora of options available.
Online fertility services
Connection services bringing donors and prospective parents together typically use a website, sometimes with a Facebook page or online group as an additional community feature.
It is usually free to join but sometimes the messaging features require a subscription fee. In general, the costs involved are low.
Below are a few of the sites that we found.
When we refer to online fertility services, we usually speak about sperm donation. This is because egg donation requires a minor surgical intervention to obtain and implant the eggs, and so requires a medical clinic to perform it.
Sperm, on the other hand, can be more easily obtained.
Artificial insemination (AI)
There are principally two ways in which a woman can conceive with donated sperm. The first is called artificial insemination (AI for short), and it usually involves the woman using a self-insemination device at home. This can also be done in the clinic context as well.
Natural insemination (NI)
The second method is referred to as natural insemination (NI), which is intercourse timed to coincide with ovulation, with the express purpose of conception.
People are attracted to using these services for a number of reasons. It could be that they are unable to conceive with their current partner, either because of fertility problems, or because they are in a same-sex relationship. They may also want to have a child but haven’t found a partner with whom that was possible.
Ease of access
One of the benefits of going online to one of the above connection sites is that the costs are a fraction of the equivalent costs in a regulated clinic. Using a connection site also makes it possible to get more information about the donor, and the donor is able to meet the prospective recipient before agreeing to donate.
The sites offer a connection service that enables both parties to learn to know each other, which is especially important in the context of elective co-parenting, a term used to describe the deliberate choice to parent outside of an established relationship.
Early contact
Elective co-parenting usually describes a situation where both biological parents have contact with the child from early on in the child’s life. Yet even if the donor is not the child’s social parent and is only partly involved in the child’s life, it can be possible for the child to meet their biological parent from early on. This is not possible in the regulated clinic context, where the child is only able to meet their donor parent after the age of eighteen.
Health concerns
Donors in the unregulated context don’t undergo the same genetic and health checks as do donors to fertility clinics or sperm banks. This means that they may pass on genetic abnormalities that would otherwise be picked up (although advocates in the unregulated fertility community would highlight that these checks are not routinely done by couples trying to conceive without assistance).
A few donors engage in multiple unprotected sexual encounters and this can create a risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Finally, there is no easy way to assess the safety and the quality of the sperm provided.
Risk of consanguinity
One of the worries around unregulated sperm donation is the prospect that a single donor may become the biological parent of a large number of children.
This means that there is a potential risk that children of a particular donor can unknowingly embark on relationships with their donor siblings, what is referred to as the risk of consanguinity. Additionally, there are concerns about the potential psychological impact on a child finding out that they have dozens, if not hundreds, of half-siblings.
In the unregulated context, there is currently no official register of children conceived from individual donors, which makes tracking genetic relationships harder.
If you’d like to learn more about making babies in the 21st Century, check out the full online course from UCL, below.
