Belay Abebe
Hey there thanks for the well come. I am belay from Ethiopia.l am trying my best to utilize such free learning platforms and thanks for all the teams of the program
Location Ethiopia
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Belay Abebe made a comment
i think Sweden's approach is totally different and i remember an authority of WHO acknowledging the measure
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Belay Abebe made a comment
thanks for the key points
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Thanks again . Concerning the third objective how was the performance of the organization to prioritize research on COVID-19 treatment ? i saw two contradictory reports on the benefit of chloroquine. For that matter they were randomized clinical trials. wont it be difficult to control the interests of researchers across the world? How committed was the office...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
1 The risk for health care workers are significantly large in LMIC , regarding the serologic test mentioned above why do we choose a test that takes 2 weeks for conversation if we want to protect the professionals and to break the chain of transmission? how about antigen based RDT?
2- can transmission necessarily be reduced by lock down? what if the... -
@DorothyAidulis in some patients during convalescence they may have a low viral load but PCR may turn out to be positive. When such samples were cultured it was not viable . I think that is why they have difficulty to exactly decide duration of infectiousness.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the beautiful presentation. It is said that the virus has no direst effect on the brain? it felt conflicting with the presentation on ACE2 receptors mentioned before.
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@MaryireneIbeto If our immune system produces neutralizing antibodies and the cytotoxic lymphocytes keep the virus in check we can have a symptomatic infection. The people are vital in keeping the chain of transmission in community .
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Belay Abebe replied to Anna Seale
it is like the ICE BERG ANALOGY. The level of testing determines the denominator for the case fatality rate. The more we test the lesser will the fatality . Till seroprevalence studies are done its incomplete to comment of CFR.
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Belay Abebe replied to Anna Seale
Instead of serological tests i go for antigen detecting immunoassays which might fill the gap for molecular tests in low in come countries. Though validation and test performance is an issue we need to strongly consider them specially if we look at the 4- transmission scenarios of the WHO (4-C) the immunoassays seem very vital( vip- RDT)
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The dis advantage is it needs expertise, special biosaftey level requirement and its sensitivity for contamination. Above all it is not an easy test to scale up during an out break.In areas poor health infrastructure we are using closed plat forms at the expense of TB and HIV. Obviously using machines deployed for other infections means ignoring those fatal...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
I am belay from Ethiopia, I am a front line physician experiencing and learning from the brunt of an out break which end up being a pandemic. Thanks LSHTM for this platform
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Hey I am belay from Ethiopia. Thanks for joining the team!
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Belay Abebe made a comment
hello there i am belay from Ethiopia .I work in the medical field and its worth to get the updates and current consensus on the diagnostic modalities of COVID-19.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Hey i am Belay from Ethiopia , i am a medical professional working in the front line of the emergency medical OPD. considering the rise in the number of cases in my set up its good to have a comprehensive approach towards managing COVID-19
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Belay Abebe made a comment
" WE WERE DECEIVED..... MYSELF AND OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH EXPERTS, BASED ON WHAT THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION and CHINA WERE SAYING, REASSURED THE PUBLIC THAT THIS WAS NOT SERIOUS,THAT WE COULD BRING THIS UNDER CONTROL."
Lawrence Gostin
professor
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@GeoffreyBird: i read that zinc can inhibit the RNA dependent RNA polymerase but there has to be an ionophore to let zinc pass the cell membrane and this is the function carried out by choloroquine.This mechanism is for SARS don't think it works for the current pandemic
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the vital topic raised. So what do we learn from this out break? let me put my argument in steps
1- effective response to an out break needs to know epidemiology of a disease
2- in the cycle of out break preparedness and response there is a need to learn from the current event about the future
3- the IHR 2005 central for global health security.... -
Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks professor Elizabeth it is very clear. one point is with the COVID-19 incubation period is not like rabies and regarding transmission of infection already the virus is spreading fast . so do we have any reason to deal much with vaccine? future attacks may come with new strain too.
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Thanks for the update. so according to the ongoing studies emphasis is on moderate and sever group by default factors for sever disease are highly related with the side effects of Kaletra, like hyperglycemia, QT ,PR prolongations . I am afraid side effect complicates therapy.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks Hilary for the beautiful lecture. would you elaborate me on these areas
1- Cooking kills the virus but is infection possible by ingesting it with raw meal ?
2- receptor for the virus is said to be ACE2, which is rampant in the lung but is the tissue tropisim only in the lung or other organs with similar receptor?
3 - it was said that... -
Belay Abebe made a comment
I DO REALLY THANK YOU ALL.
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In the new refugee camp for 10,000 people we have only one health post which makes quality and accessibility of the health service a poor one hence it will miss mild morbidities and morbidities in the community. The community health service workers besides filling the forms provided they need to learn: on quality of data collection which will...
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Can the national action planning for health security influence donors for a given country so that the government utilize the fund based on the demand of the nation not the donors plus avoiding the vertical health system seen in LMIC?
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Wow Ebere what an extensive and vivid lecture. Thank you. So if the main player for vertical systems dealing with isolated diseases is due to the fund : don't you think an attempt to design a non vertical system will lead to loss of that fund hence incapacity to deal with that problem? Regarding the vicious cycle of out breaks in areas with weak health...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks dear Chikwe for the summarized presentation on preparedness. As rightly pointed in the presence of a well functioning public health system preparedness is possible but how about in poorly functioning scenario? If not personal how is your sleep with the COVID-19?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
The common approach idea towards preparedness sounds good but in LMIC first we may have a less diversified threats than the developed and the money needed though much lower than dealing with out breaks seems a lot for the poor ones
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In SSA its obvious that Tb, HIV hold the largest portion in causing morbidity and mortality but the world is also in a multifaceted dynamic shift : environmentally, demographically and so on. Adding globalization all of us seem sharing a pandemic like the COVID-19.When such out breaks occur the brunt is sever on us so we need to watch our attitude about...
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BEAUTIFULLY ORGANIZED SYSTEM. Thanks for the lecture
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Its wonderful and amazing to learn that out breaks had sustained such a painful and lethal impact on the human race through out its course . Thanks dear Marie
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Wow lots and lots of vital informations in one presentation, i need more time to better comprehend it. With the lowest preparedness index by country , the mere fact that out breaks are inevitable including novel pathogens, likely hood of occurance in areas with poor health care system i can feel the burden of assignment sub Saharan Africa is expected to...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
thanks prof. Jimmy the lecture is a vivid history of out breaks from antiquity to the current era.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
In lecture 2.3 among the key responses in an out break following surveillance we need to screen at ports of entry. If we take SARS fever is present in 100% of patients and patients are infectious only if they have symptoms. Is that appropriate to use thermal screening for COVID-19? how do we choose which symptom to screen with at the air port? In...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks prof.Judith. It is clear for me that the duration of quarantine takes the maximum duration of IP, but when we say time to developing symptoms which one; prodromal symptoms or the respiratory ones? What if a disease has multi organ system involvement with dissimilar symptoms?
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Thanks Dr.Ibrahim it’s really good to hear the structural frame work of such a huge organization in times of crisis. While developing the global preparedness and response strategy the first step mandates international coordination. Is that common to see political, religious and other differences to interfere with such global coalescence in times of crisis? Do...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks Dr. Olivier for such a beautiful presentation it has helped me a lot to have a clear perspective on the approach to an Out Break. Regarding the three different scenarios you mentioned to exemplify an epidemic response; the first one needs prompt case finding and testing. In cases like COVID-19, out break with a novel type tissue culture and gene...
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okay thanks i will register and try the log in , in any case ifits possible to exchange addresses u ll send me the email.mine is; belaytadesse620@gmail.com.thanks
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@JenniferWilson thanks Jennifer i liked the web page you sent me. can i be a member? or how can i proceed to use it?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
THANKS A LOT REALLY BEAUTIFUL
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks professor David. it is beautiful.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks professor Judite for such an extra ordinary lecture. one point to raise is do you think the environment has an influence on R0? for example in terms of sustaining the longevity of the infectious droplets?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
thanks professor Martin., it is an elegant presentation
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the beautiful video. one question i have is regarding the effect of increased blood pressure as a predictor of sever out come , is that in relation to immunity ? or i read that the receptor for the virus is ACE-2 is that in relation to genetic polymorphism of the receptors? in that case angiotensin receptor blocker treatment might impact the course...
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Belay Abebe replied to Belay Abebe
wow thanks Tina for your kind words.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
hello i am Belay from Ethiopia , with the wide spread pandemics we currently share it is a lot to be one among the many to learn with you all.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the wonderful opportunity.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Hey greetings from Ethiopia. I am Belay currently enrolled in a medical profession , am from sub Saharan Africa where prior ones and any emerging epidemic will have a lot to impact . In light of the COVID-19 -2 we are sharing with the developed countries possibly due to globalization this course will be a good eye opener for me.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
really thanks for the wonderful lecture
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Yeah Globalization has merits and demerits
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Belay Abebe made a comment
beautiful video. thanks again.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
thanks
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Belay Abebe made a comment
two questions regarding prions will be
1- how do we explain life without nucleic acids?
2- is there role of prions in neurodegenerative diseases like huntington and parkinson which are associated with protein mis -folding? -
@StephanieHansen I remember my confusion in med school when the teacher told us that prions unlike bacteria and viruses don't have nucleic acids yet cause disease by protein mid folding. I don't know if there are updates on prions? My question is
1- the Genome is the library of information about the organism, so what do u think is controlling or having life... -
Belay Abebe made a comment
nice introduction, loved it
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Hello I am Belay from Ethiopia . I am happy to join you on these learning plat form. With the increment of pandemics in our world , I hope to get good basic knowledge regarding the various pandemics.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the wonderful lecture. I also liked the Vitruvian man,,,, leonardo, golden ratio ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Phi,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, God is in numbers,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,the fibonacci sequence,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Belay Abebe replied to Gamal Akabani
thanks for all i enjoyed every thing
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Belay Abebe made a comment
3- Considering the climatic and social changes in the world I do expect a lot of Epigenetic variation to come without directly altering the DNA sequence which will be missed by WGS.
4- reproducibility of the reference genome and what if a more complex genome is present among the human species in deserted areas?
5- more than 85% of human variation is caused... -
Belay Abebe made a comment
1- NEW VARIANTS WILL CONTINUE TO EVOLVE WHICH DEMANDS TO EXPECT A WIDENING VARIANT CALL FILE
The combined processes of recombination and independent assortment during meiosis assure that each gamete represents a unique haploid genome, different from that of the organism in which they are formed, and different from those of the organism's parents. So will have... -
Belay Abebe made a comment
If we sequence fragments with proper length and fit adaptor do we say it is a whole genome issue?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Any attempt tried regarding the ends, was it tried to sequence the telomeres? any difference regarding the DNA under replication? how is the rate of DNA slip mis pairing with the polymerase used in the black box? is the enzyme from human cells or ,,,,
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Belay Abebe made a comment
single-base pair changes that achieve a population frequency of at least 1 % are referred to as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) where as Less frequent substitutions are labeled as mutations. Aside from its location in the genome what is the relation between functional impact of a variant and its frequency? Which of the genetics team primarily makes...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Imagine the benefit of WGS in the third world countries to tackle TB and the various infectious out breaks
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Do we expect cells with variable duration of cell cycle to age at same time?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Just like the probability of downs syndrome increasing with maternal age , likely hood of mutation increases with age which accumulates genomic instability leading to aneuploidy. The aneuploidy in turn causes cellular senescent causing the aging phenotype.
Aging increases aneuploidy and aneuploidy increases ageing -
The phenotype mayn't be adequately expressed if it has patterns of autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Aneuploidy is likely to occur in cells which are actively replicating through out human life like skin cells and blood cells compared to cells in resting phase. it has been said that 2 out of 3 cancers are aneuploid implying that aneuploidy is tumorgensis. If so we expect the prevalence of cancers from the replicating to cells to dominate over the others. But...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
With the exception of chromosome 22 all are numbered in order of decreasing length. chromosome 21 is the shortest. yet monosomy or trisomy are due to errors of nondisjunction during meiosis. So likely hood of such errors will increase in chromososmes which are well condensed like chromosome 21. So what is the benefit behind increased condensation of certain...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks dear floris for the wonderful presentation. The paradox is a thrill to follow .
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Belay Abebe made a comment
There are 3 base positions with 4 possible bases gives a total of 64 codons but we see only 22 amino acids which implies that most amino acids can be specified by more than one codon . Codons differing only at the third base position typically code for the same amino acid or amino acids of similar chemical characteristic. any reason?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
When we see just 1 simple structural difference between RNA and DNA : we get hydroxylation of the 2' carbon in RNA. Lack of this 2' hydroxyl group confers increased stability and suits DNA as a long-term information storage. While its presence in RNA makes it unstable, susceptible to environmental insult and readily "turned-off" by RNA degradation,...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
I liked the way the genome is explained with words, sentences ,,,,,,,,. Regarding the non coding portion there are theories that the non coding part is associated with our ability to learn language, even it fulfills Zipf law linear plot( named after the linguist George Zipf. I think its better to read papers by prof.Eugene stanley at boston university.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
best one thanks Liesbeth.
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@CarlosGomes : thanks for the wonderful points you tell us. One thing is after the discovery of the DNA double helix and confirming that the genome is library of information the theory of evolution is put to death because information cant come from no where and there has to be a source . So why do we add terms like evolution, in discussing about genes? would...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
regarding the issue of genomic library and its function all the process ends with protein production which are vital to cell structure and function. But mature human cells produce a maximum of about 8000 to 10,000 proteins rather than the potential 20,000 had all genes involved in to that and with a possibility of 64 codons we produce 20 amino acid. But don't...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
A lot of wonderful perspectives are posted. Thanks, Just to add one I would rather say from another view by sharing you the evolution of inheritance genetics .Before 2500 years Pythagoras wrote that there was a complete being performed in the semen that was transferred intact to the female. Similarly before 300 years a Swiss scientist, Charles Bonnet...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
thanks a lot dear. Yeast seems to be the Pisum sativum of mendelian inheritance garden
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks again both Dr Anneke Seller and Dr Michelle Bishop. Its clear and reassuring one. One thing i ask is i used to hear about the importance of translation in life. Is that all what we want to survive?
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Its best when we start with such a beautiful introduction. You are great. thanks Dr.Michelle
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks Leisbeth Veenhoff for the wonderful demonstrations.It good to know that model study is vital and the genes concerned with life span are conserved in different species. One thing i ask is the fact that the yeast cell reproduces every 2 hour ( mode of reproduction? mitosis, budding?) and obviously there is difference in the amount of base pairs between...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks for the offer
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Belay Abebe made a comment
I am am a medical profession with little exposure to genomic medicine. I remember reading about GENOME MAPPING PROJECT launched by UK i think by the time of David Cameroon. So it seems a good choice to join you. every thing about DNA makes me curious.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Just to raise some questions from my limited understanding about model organisms
1- special characteristic of cell growth and cell division
is cell differentiation,which results not from loss of genes but from selective repression of different genetic operons. so we seem to miss these vital issue in the first 2 models.
2- even if there is a 99% similarity... -
SOME HELP FROM THE GROUP?
I was thinking of this,,,
1- it seems that each mitotic division in human somatic cells will lead to progressive shortening of telomers so the cell finally goes into senescent and subsequent death. If we take cancer cells they replicate so many times but they don't go to cellular senescent; indirectly they must have a means to... -
1-It is so unfair to notice that the incredible precision of the DNA polymerase and ligase by which DNA chromosomal strands are replicated in each cell before mitosis can take place,and also the proofreading process that cuts and repairs any abnormal DNA strand before the mitotic process fails to properly replicate the DNA ends containing the telomeres.
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@AlexChidiKanu sure brother.thanks for sharing your thoughts.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Really interesting one . So by condensing and de condensing of DNA segments there is an epigenetic control over gene expression. what came to my mind is how do you see the normal arrangement of human chromosomes? That is to say with the exception of chromosome 22, chromosomes are numbered in order of decreasing length (ie, chromosome 1 is the longest...
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so so perplexing , its eye catching presentation. Thanks Dr. Marianna.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
i go for active aging; independent and autonomous
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Belay Abebe made a comment
considering the 3 billion base pairs in DNA , error during DNA proof reading seems inevitable.
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given that there are 30,000 or more genes in the human genome and that the period from one human generation to another is about 30 years, one would expect as many as 10 or many more mutations in the passage of the genome from parent to child. As a further protection, however, each human genome is represented by two separate sets of chromosomes with almost...
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Belay Abebe made a comment
regarding the central dogma of molecular biology we sometimes see also
1-Many viruses store their genetic information as RNA rather than as DNA.
2- Retroviruses utilize reverse transcription to integrate into the host genome following infection. In these instances, the flow of genetic information is from RNA to DNA, then back to RNA prior to translation. -
Belay Abebe made a comment
we need to work on active ageing
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Though difficult for me to guess the maximum i think we can remarkably change active ageing characterized by autonomy and independence. For that i think we need to emphasize on social determinants too. I think the following will significantly impact it:
Behaviors- diet, exercise
social environment- social support
economic support
health and social service. -
Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks Dr. for the wonderful presentation. perfect.
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Thanks peter for the wonderful introduction .The whole set up of ERIBA seems lovely and i liked the choice of bicycle over cars in the university city of Groningen. I think this is a role model for sustainable public health in accordance with social model for health determinants. A change in mode of transport will be reducing accident, air...
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@carlosGomes. amazing .
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Thanks Dr.Marianna for the brief and concise introduction. Hope to acquire a lot from this course.
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Belay Abebe made a comment
Greetings from Ethiopia, I am Belay , 38 year old male - medical doctor by profession. So much as I am delighted to join this diversified group I want to thank the staff of ERIBA to prepare a free learning plat form on such an interesting area.
To briefly explain my intentions towards the course , I would rather say its just a life time... -
Belay Abebe replied to Belay Abebe
thanks dear