Adam Warren
Senior Learning Designer in the Digital Learning team at the University of Southampton.
I develop interactive resources, support on-campus blended learning and help create and run FutureLearn courses.
Location Southampton
Activity
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Adam Warren replied to Christopher Yardley
Dear Christopher, we made minimal changes to the course. In 2015, learners requested more detail of the battle itself, but this course is really intended to provide a broad outline - and there are plenty of books on the topic. The quality of the discussion has been as high this time as it was last; I'm really impressed by the level of knowledge that is shared...
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Adam Warren replied to Ann Berne
Thanks Ann - we knew that a three week course could only provide you with a springboard for further reading about the detail of the battle, and our [Extended Reading] lists provide you with some expert recommendations. Your fellow learners have also provided a wealth of links to follow; I have to confess that I find these a huge distraction at work while I'm...
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Adam Warren replied to John Wemhof
And perhaps it is also worth mentioning the few Thankful Villages, which lost no men in the Great War. It seems there were maybe only 32 out of 16,000 - or 0.2%
http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Thankful-Villages/ -
Adam Warren replied to John Wemhof
Quite a few comments mention the WWI memorials in British (and I would guess French, Belgian, German etc.) villages with their lists of those who gave their lives. I always make a point when I encounter these to read a few of the names out loud. They are not forgotten. Thanks for your list from the 4th Regiment of Foot.
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Adam Warren replied to John Wemhof
More on Waterloo teeth next week...
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Adam Warren replied to Donald Lawie
In 2015 one learner found a location in Mackay - there are quite a few locations in Australia and New Zealand due to ex-soldiers and their families settling there after the wars. The same is true of all the other far-flung corners of the British Empire - the soldiers stationed there always thought that Wellington and Waterloo were worth commemoration when...
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40 second-hand copies of What If? are available for 1p + postage from Amazon UK... https://www.amazon.co.uk/d/Books/What-If-Military-Historians-Imagine-Might-Have/0330487248
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Adam Warren replied to Margaret Jacobs
You can add Yellow markers for places near you that reference Napoleon - or there might be church memorials to French soldiers who fell at Waterloo.
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Adam Warren replied to Brian McNamee
Don't worry about that - there are bound to be a few mistakes and jokes on the map. In 2015 we had quite a few mid-ocean locations!
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Adam Warren replied to robert johnson
No, there is no sign-in required for the map or the Padlet walls - if you can't double-click to add a Padlet post just click the pink + button in the lower right corner.
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Adam Warren replied to Didier Le Camus
Hi Didier - welcome to the course. In a couple of steps time you'll be invited to add 'places of interest' to a world map - and you could add Austerlitz station using a yellow marker, for all the 'Napoleon' related places.
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Jan Willem Pieneman: Battle of Waterloo https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1115
"Crown Prince William of Orange served as Wellington's adjutant and commander of Dutch troops. The so-called "Hero of Waterloo" lies wounded on a stretcher but smiles at the news. The commander of the British army, Arthur Wellesley, the Duke of Wellington, is on... -
Adam Warren replied to Thomas Mc Rae
In 2015 we had three map locations in Brisbane... not including the Waterloo Hotel! Try looking at the nearby coastline...
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Adam Warren replied to Donald Lawie
Hi Donald, we included these activities to provide an easy way for you all to share info and photos of the many thousands of places that memorialise Wellington and Waterloo. The last time we ran the course in 2015 the map was very impressive by week 3, when we look at the cultural impact of the events of 1815, with locations across the globe.
What locations... -
Adam Warren replied to Steven Stone
There are plenty of songs inspired by Waterloo - perhaps the most famous being "The Eighteenth of June" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPwt1BjFI8g - Difficult to add to the map, but could be added to the Padlets
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Smoothbore muskets had very poor accuracy at ranges over 100m (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trgZmM9fNS0) and the video makes it clear that the heat haze and smoke of the battlefield would make aiming very difficult.
[Extended Reading] The Accuracy of Black Powder Muskets by Brian Willegal http://www.willegal.net/iron_brigade/musket.pdf - examines all...
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Adam Warren replied to Tim Oak
Hi Tim; I agree that this week is a gallop through a complex historical period, but I think Chris and Karen have done a great job of highlighting the key events that place Waterloo in context.
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And 'no pressure on bones' puts their use of catacombs into a whole new light for me. I'd thought it was just a practical thing to do with so many bodies (and that may be part of the story) but it also enables them to be buried underground without any risk of crushing.
By the way, if you are in Rome, do try to visit some of the catacombs... perhaps as part... -
You have my sympathy Matthew; securing image rights has been one of our thorniest challenges for our FutureLearn courses.
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Ah, so your music was specially composed... top marks to the team at Motion Blurr for their creative work on this; I really feel it has added a lot to the videos. And I agree that these videos are a good length, and that the received wisdom of "no more than 6 minutes" should be a guide, not an absolute rule.
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I'm sure I'm not the only person reading this who finds that their ability to write has deteriorated now that we mostly use keyboards... and as speech-to-text becomes commonplace, our typing skill will also wither.
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Adam Warren replied to Lorna Allen
Hi Lorna, I was the learning designer for Portus, working with the academics to build the course. I'm really enjoying what Matthew and his team have created here, and I think we'll certainly be cross-recommending this course... like we did with the one on Hadrian's Wall. In particular, I love the 3D models - I had an interesting time earlier today wandering...
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Adam Warren replied to Gordon G
But remember that societies norms change over time, so in the future people will be appalled at the way we watched motorsports, with all the pollution and carbon emissions they create. And we may not have gladiators in amphitheatres, but a cursory glance at TV and film shows that we still enjoy watching violence and death.
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The video certainly shows how many apartments could be squeezed into the many floors of the building. I wonder if the ones at the top (more air) or lower down (less stairs!) were the most valued? And of course lets not forget that they didn't need kitchens since Romans of this class ate in bars or on the street, and of course they didn't need bathrooms... just...
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Adam Warren replied to Duke Pierce Reade
I'm reminded of the work of the artist James Turrell, and particularly his soon-to-be-completed monumental work at Roden Crater http://rodencrater.com/
Oh my word, these courses can lead you off in some interesting directions... -
Adam Warren replied to Liz Lambert
Picking up on your comment about the "concrete vault seems weightless" it is worth noting both the aesthetic and technical value of the coffers - those stepped square(ish) features that reduce the weight while retaining strength. Take a good look at the photo and see how they guide the eye, emphasising the size and shape of the dome. Their steps cast shadows...
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tonnage is easy: volume of column (height x pi x radius squared x density of that type of stone) plus or minus some detail, like the capitals. But as to number of labourers... I read a comment on an earlier step which gave the number of people required to build the Baths of Caracalla.. and I think it was 6000 for some years, with 10000 at peak construction...
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My friend who lived in Rome told me that days when it snowed were very special, as the shaft of snowflakes from the oculus was a sight worth seeing... aha there is a YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lh7VJaNgh-A
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Oh, and I must say I really like the music in the videos - I think they add a great deal to the atmosphere conjoured.
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Adam Warren made a comment
I was keen to use informed recreations of ancient Roman music for the FutureLearn course on Portus, and listened to that from several groups:
- Synaulia (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jV0oA3YUiw8)
- Musica Romana (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbM0Uj84-8c)
and the group we eventually licenced some music from,
- Somnia Imperii... -
Adam Warren replied to Oliver Driesen
For Romans, the key differentiator would have been the god(s) they represented and they would have been keenly aware of this as they passed them by in their travels around the city, especially the temples to their own favoured gods.
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Adam Warren replied to simon nicholson
My experience is that groves and shrines are good places to experience the numinous if you are by yourself or with a small group of worshippers. The great temples we have seen are more like cathedrals; buildings that express the greatness of their god, that provide an appropriately impressive stage for their rituals and where large gatherings of people can...
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Adam Warren replied to Ann T
Don't forget there would have been massive statues of Zeus, Juno and Minerva inside, and the doors would need to be large enough for them to use...
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Adam Warren replied to John McKenzie
I'm afraid you need to make a significant and suitably magnificent sacrifice to the modern Triune of Intel, Nvidia and Ram before you are allowed to gaze upon these wonders ;-)
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Adam Warren made a comment
Interesting to wander around the streets that came with this model as well as viewing the (literally) awesome temple complex. The view from the bottom of the narrow staircase leading up from the direction of the Forum to the arch at the top was fantastic - it really made you feel like you were ascending to the home of the gods.
And yes, a model of this... -
Adam Warren replied to Liz Watson
Liz - I like your idea that Roman religion was 'continually evolving' - maybe this was because it was (collectively) not a 'religion of the book' and therefore fundamentalist viewpoints/beliefs were not possible... there was no 'one true word of God' to (mis)interpret.
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Adam Warren made a comment
Not only is Trajan's Forum the largest, but it it is also the most complex - the vast colonnaded piazza, the huge basilica, the towering column over his tomb (look! no-one else's forum has one of these!) flanked by libraries immortalising his deeds and overlooking his (His!) temple. Then there are the gigantic bronze statues of Trajan - who can look on such...
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Yes, me too... there are a couple of gaps just by the entrance from the main forum.
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Adam Warren replied to Hannah S
I'm thinking that we are looking at a simplified version of Matthew's model on Kubity, and that the gaps and floating columns are glitches introduced by the simplification. But its still damn impressive!
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Adam Warren made a comment
Well, that was fun... if you are careful in Walk mode you can drop yourself on top of Trajan's column and carefully make your way around the ledge admiring the view - or look up at his imposing statue at the very top. Of course I got too close to the edge while admiring the temple...
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Adam Warren replied to Colin Armstrong
From one perspective, the past was an astonishingly smelly place... not just human and animal waste but the smoke from fires and oil lamps, cooking smells, industrial processes... and of course bad breath and body odour. But that was just 'normal' in the same way that we usually don't notice the petrochemical stink from transport - and as Elaine points out...
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For me, the accuracy of surveying necessary to maintain even gradients across many Roman miles is perhaps the most impressive achievement. And of course "messing up and starting again" were not a possibility...
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Adam Warren replied to Sue Morgan
Another plus vote for Ostia - a great day out by cheap metro train. Take plenty of water and maybe some lunch; it's easy to spend hours there and visitor facilities are limited. I believe it is also possible to visit Portus now - but don't try both on the same day. With Ostia you can really feel what it was like as a port, with temples, markets and sprawling...
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Hi Mandy - one of the features of concrete is that it sets underwater though a chemical reaction between its components, so they could have just shovelled pre-mixed concrete into it from other boats. That great ship was sunk in shallow waters at the artificial harbour of Portus (just up the coast from Ostia) and was part of the great Mole that the Romans built...
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Adam Warren made a comment
I'm always fascinated by the special commemorative designs on the UK's 50p, £1 and £2 coins - like the Roman coins these are propaganda, in the sense that they tell us something about what is valued in our culture. They tend to go straight from my pocket to an ad-hoc collection - just a pile of coins in a drawer, not carefully preserved in a numismatic book -...
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And if you want to read an excellent novel about the arrival of Aeneas in ancient Latium, I can highly recommend 'Lavinia' by Ursula La Guin (yes, the famous SF author who wrote Left Hand of Darkness and The Dispossessed among other things). The book is written from Lavinia's perspective, and its refreshing to read about this history from a female viewpoint.
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And of course that links the foundation of Rome to the story of Troy; as Wikipedia says "according to the mythology outlined by Virgil in the Aeneid, Romulus and Remus were both descendants of Aeneas through their mother Rhea Silvia, making Aeneas the progenitor of the Roman people." Aeneas was commanded by the Gods to flee the fall of Troy, bearing with him...
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Of course, in the earlier years before aquaducts became necessary (and possible) then plentiful supplies of water were essential for the city to grow. On your question of early roads, I'm familiar with the network of tracks (such as the Ridgeway) in prehistoric Britain and Celtic Europe, but was there something similar in what is now Italy? Perhaps someone...
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Adam Warren made a comment
I'm interested in how Rome functioned as a city of more than a million inhabitants - the sheer logistics of food, water, waste - the teeming bustle of it all.
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Adam Warren made a comment
Bureaucracy... an efficient civil service that used good record keeping, critical evaluation of any information gathered, well-run meetings and effective hierarchies to run their vast empire. Perhaps the Egyptians did this first, but the Romans combined it with politics and a civic society in a way that is still familiar to us today.
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Adam Warren replied to Adam Warren
Hi Laura - I think that the UoC was unwilling to fund the cost of adding transcripts for these free, open resources - they made the point that their money should be focused on supporting their own fee-paying students. It is unlikely that the content will ever be made available again - unless machine transcription reaches sufficient accuracy to satisfy...
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Adam Warren made a comment
A disappointing news item on the ALT mailing list today, with the University of California removing over 20,000 audio & video lectures from the public domain after it was ruled that they weren’t accessible enough https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/03/06/u-california-berkeley-delete-publicly-available-educational-content
Sadly this will also set a US...
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Try Googling 'Portus lighthouse' - lots of info and some great images. Why not reply to this post with a link to an image that you really like?
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Hi Mary, Ostia was a 'fluvial' (river) port on the banks of the Tiber, a short distance from the river's mouth in Roman times. You'll read later this week about the reasons that Portus was constructed and its relationship to Ostia - but it wasn't because the water dropped (it didn't). The remains of Portus are now inland because of centuries of sedimentation...
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Adam Warren made a comment
As always, it is HOW you use a tool that is the critical factor. With Google Docs the ability to work collaboratively on a document/presentation is the key advantage. Otherwise you may as well use Microsoft Office - although Office365 also has collaborative features. So the rel question here should be "what types of new authentic learning activities will...
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Adam Warren replied to Jan Deurwaarder
Hi Jan - looking ahead I see that next week includes a section on Open Educational Resources which should go some way to addressing point b/ above. There is still the question of how they can be found easily, and at least one OER repository (Merlot: https://www.merlot.org ) has useful star ratings and peer reviews (for some OERs only - but it is up to users to...
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These are often described as 'sit back' or 'lean forward' activities...
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Given that their phones already connect to the internet, how does wi-fi make safeguarding more of a problem? With wi-fi you can whitelist or blacklist sites and have a log of what everyone viewed, so providing students know that they are 'being watched' (welcome to the modern world!) then wi-fi should actually make safeguarding easier. Issues like...
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Adam Warren replied to Susan Lomasney
And of course it also depends on the mobile devices that the students own and the connectivity they have. Do your teaching rooms have wi-fi that can cope with all the students? (a standard wi-fi unit can cope with 20-40, depending on what they are doing - eg watching video or just answering a quiz) Do their devices still have enough battery left by that 4pm...
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Adam Warren replied to Anna Selway
Agreed that developing students' digital literacies is absolutely key - employers (including myself) can and do check job candidates online - and I'm not just checking for stupid stuff that would make me bin their application immediately, but more so for positive things that make me think that they are perhaps a stronger candidate than their application might...
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Hi Samantha - I think this is where flipped learning comes into its own. Learners independently study selected resources at their own pace, then complete a formative quiz which provides feedback to them (how well did I do?) and the tutor (how well did the cohort do?). It might also include a open-text question that asks if there are any aspects of the material...
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I agree that the sheer number of apps and the rate at which new apps appear is an issue - Patrick, you talk about 'backing the right horse' and this sometimes means that the app that you adopt enthusiastically stops working once the venture capital runs out and their business model fails because no one seems to want to pay for apps these days.
Tim - your...
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I wonder if Facebook is really the answer though? Or would an education-focused social media tool be a better option - such as the FutureLearn system we use here? For example it isn't possible to search for particular posts using keywords if you want to refer back to them later, or to 'favourite' posts for future reference - for example if you want to include...
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Christopher - you can link to specific discussions but it definitely a work-around: right click on the 'report as inappropriate' flag to the right of any comment and 'copy link location' (or similar; depends on browser). Paste that link where you need it and edit to remove the last part (moderation_reports/new) - so your post (for example) is...
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Hi Clare - my role is to be part of just such a multidisciplinary team here at Southampton, and in my experience, as Leo said above, time is the biggest constraint on innovation. True blended learning requires extensive redesign of the curriculum and a willingness to take risks - and there is a naturally reluctance to use a cohort of students as guinea-pigs in...
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Agreed - teachers really don't have the time, resources or skills to develop high-quality online interactive learning resources. It would be better for them to get to grips with the huge range of free resources available online - from YouTube videos to resources provided by Universities - including MOOC materials. In particular, there are a lot of Open...
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Adam Warren replied to Manolo Lozano
Hi Manolo - I've helped create FutureLearn courses as part of my role as a learning designer at the University of Southampton, and have been involved since the company's earliest days. FutureLearn have built their own platform from the ground up, and have designed it carefully according to their pedagogic model of social learning - see their Principles page:...
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One of the real challenges of BYOD devices is that many of the apps (especially the social media ones) are *designed* to attract attention - they keep on popping up alerts to say "you've been tagged in a photo" or "message from your friend". Even "proper" educational apps do this - students who have installed the app for our Blackboard MLE will get alerts...
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Adam Warren replied to Sandra Kay
I'm afraid that technology is not a magic bullet that will solve the problems caused by an education system that seems designed to produce young people who either a) are driven by assessment and have learned how to 'play the criteria game' to get A's or b) are not naturally academic and find themselves alienated by a system that privileges theory over...
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Adam Warren made a comment
I liked the Typeform presentation, which was dynamic and had that clean modern style demonstrated so well by FutureLearn. I didn't like the way that you couldn't see the whole comment that you had typed if you typed more than ten words - the system expects/encourages short responses.
A couple of the 'educator feedback' suggestions were very similar - choose... -
Adam Warren replied to Tom Starkey
It seems to me that the student was expressing a preference for active learning, which makes a great deal of sense for vocational education with a strong focus on the development of skills. This is one of the challenges when developing blended learning - how can we design 'lean forward' online learning *activities* that go beyond 'sit back ' page-turning and...
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Adam Warren replied to Sandra Rennie
Hi Sandra - I thought the quiz was used as an opportunity for us to give our own view and then have it either confirmed or 'corrected' by an expert. Unfortunately, if you still disagreed with their view, there was no way to take that debate further in the quiz... but then there are these comment areas.
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Adam Warren replied to Louie Oestreicher
Good point Louie - teachers need to understand how to make effective use of learning technologies, and unfortunately we've all experienced PowerPoint being used to "support" poor teaching that fails to engage the learners. Technologies are not neutral and PowerPoint is designed to "sell the message" by making your point powerfully (hence the name!) and...
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Adam Warren made a comment
The teachers and students in the video listed around 25 positive aspects of technology-enhanced learning, but for me one comment sounded a warning note; the student who said "You want to click the button, see you were successful and move on to the next lesson". I know what he meant - it is great to get immediate feedback confirming progress - but that approach...
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Adam Warren replied to Steve King
I can also confirm that all of you will continue to have access to the course for the forseeable future.
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Adam Warren replied to Allan Beswick
Some more info about William Swabey and his diary - that was a great post, Antonia - one of the most 'liked' in the whole course: http://thediaryjunction.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/spiritless-generals.html
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Adam Warren replied to Robert Oles
Hi Robert - there is the famous Churchill quote "Those who fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it" (although of course it turns out he never actually said that: https://www.nationalchurchillmuseum.org/blog/churchill-quote-history/ ) but of course our leaders at the time failed to pay attention to any of those lessons.
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Darryl - a couple of weeks ago I attended an airshow at Biggin Hill to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Britain and the contribution of the Poles, Czechs, Canadians and others was clearly made - and the numbers of pilots from those nations given. So no, I don't think their contribution is overlooked or forgotten by anyone who has an interest...
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Adam Warren replied to Heather Gout
Absolutely. Wars are engines of industry and with the coming of peace and the arrival back in Great Britain of many 'demobbed' soldiers there was much hardship. Factor in all the widows and the soldiers whose injuries made manual work impossible and you'll see why there is a famous folk song "Hard Times in Old England" - words here:...
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Adam Warren replied to patricia price
Hi Patricia - I've just finished reading one of the recommended books, The Face of Battle by John Keenan - and he has quite a lot to say about the physical state of the Allied soldiers who fought at Waterloo. Many of them had fought at Quatre Bras a couple of days before and had pretty much been on the march since. Others had marched for up to 30 hours to get...
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Hi Jim - back in my youth I was in the English Civil War Society, and many of the more experienced musket infantry had a scatter of permanent powder-burn pock-marks on their faces caused by that powder-flash from the pan.
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Adam Warren replied to Iain Standen
Hi Iain - there has been plenty of detailed and very knowledgable discussion of the nitty-gritty of the battle scattered throughout the comments on many steps in week 2 - so I agree that we will seriously consider adding another step about the detail of the battle when we come to review and revise the course... if only to act as a focus for all those comments...
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Adam Warren replied to Joan Greenleaf
Hi Joan - thanks for your feedback. We did think carefully about the number and length of text steps in week 1, and Chris and Karen used headings and questions to break up the text into meaningful chunks - but in the end this is a course based on primary documentary evidence and so inevitably there is quite a lot of reading. My personal view is that anyone...
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Adam Warren replied to Eric Schaal
Hi Eric - I can highly recommend the book 'The Face of Battle' by John Keegan which gives real insight into the bravery of the soldiers at Waterloo, and why some stood their ground while being slaughtered by cannon while others broke and ran. It also has much to say about the critical importance that the 'hero leaders' had in inspiring those soldiers with the...
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Adam Warren replied to Bryan Mitchell
There was a great documentary 'The Scottish at Waterloo' which is still available for UK learners on iPlayer - plenty of first-hand accounts read by actors/re-enactors and lots of battle action by re-enactors. There is also 'Waterloo 200 - A Battle Remembered' on BBC News on Saturday 27th June at 13.30. I must admit I am surprised; when we were planning this...
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Adam Warren replied to Andrew Greaves
This seems like the ideal moment to post a link to a Napoleonic song 'Drink Old England Dry' recorded for us by 'The Madding Crowd', a Hampshire group that researches and performs English village music from 1660-1860. http://www.maddingcrowd.org/
We planned to include their music in a step, but unfortunately ran out of time. However, they did record a song...
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So that is only 0.7% of the 35,774 pubs listed - a much smaller proportion than I would have expected.
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Thanks Brian. I've returned the Clergy to the safety of their dioceses and rushed the field artillery back into position ;-)
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Adam Warren replied to Anthony Clark
It was the breastplate of a French Cuirassier - and we even know his name - unless the story that goes with it is true... take alook here to find out more: http://www.nam.ac.uk/waterloo200/200-object/antoine-fauveau-cuirass/
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Adam Warren replied to Mark Schroyens
Yes, they were included in this article from the Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2945849/A-damn-close-run-thing-200-years-Waterloo-looked-like-just-days-battle-Wellington-beat-Napoleon.html
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Adam Warren replied to Robin Hackshall
Hi Robin - what you need is the book written by Roger Knight, one of our guest historians: Knight, R., Britain against Napoleon: the organization of victory, 1793–1815 (London, 2013) - available at reasonable cost http://www.amazon.co.uk/Britain-Against-Napoleon-Organization-1793-1815/dp/0141038942?tag=futur-sou-21
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Adam Warren replied to Blair Southerden
With a little googling I found this academic paper about French memoirs of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars - so plenty of citations to follwo up: https://www.academia.edu/227602/_Public_Remembering_Private_Reminiscing_French_Military_Memoirs_and_the_Revolutionary_and_Napoleonic_Wars_
And you can access the full text of The Notebooks of the Captain...
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Adam Warren made a comment
For those of you thirst for a detailed account of the battle, I came across this excellent resource on Twitter today: http://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/BATTLE_OF_WATERLOO.htm
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Adam Warren replied to Roger Kilshaw
Roger - I would agree with Adrian and Margaret; carry on at your own pace and don't worry about the rest! Our experience with other Futurelearn courses is that there will be plenty of people still engaging with the course after it finishes so that you can comment and get replies.
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Adam Warren replied to Val Anderson
If you have ever been to a re-enactment and heard how loud even just a couple of cannons and a few dozen muskets firing is, then you may get an inking of just how loud a battle like Waterloo was.
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Adam Warren replied to Kevin Burnett
Hi Kevin. We decided early on in our planning that we could not cover the detail of the battle - after all, there are many lengthy books about it, as well as some excellent online resources such as the BBC timeline we linked. Instead we focused on the documentary evidence available in the Wellington Archive and the soldiers' accounts, which we felt gave an...
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Adam Warren replied to Iain Black
Sorry - we didn't work to that level of detail (authentic period accents). I had to record these at odd moments while I and the other actors were in a touring production of Richard II, so it was a favour from friends!
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Adam Warren replied to Anne Hoskins
Thanks for the heads-up, Anne - here is the link, and I have to say it is really good! http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/waterloo/index.html
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Adam Warren replied to john adams
Luckily, the soldiers are all in a field. There's a joke here somewhere about the 'Battle of Portaloo' ;-)
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Adam Warren replied to Linda Matthews
Nancy Mayer posted this excellent link to an animated overview of the battle - it is the best I have seen so far: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDZGL1xsqzs
Plenty of maps, including the lead up to the battle.
