The loss of dominance

Prof. Meir Litvak

This increasing foreign political and cultural presence, together with the geopolitical weakness of the Muslim world at the time, created a sense of deep crisis among Muslims in the 19th century.

How did the “loss of dominance” affect the attitudes toward minorities in the Arab and Islamic sphere?

References

• Lewis, Bernard, Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice (New York: W. W. Norton, 1986).

• Lewis, Bernard, What Went Wrong?: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).