Course Conclusion

Malware is complicated and ever-evolving.

Malware today is far more complex than 20 years ago. Although there are many classes of malware, these are increasingly blurred together in modern attacks. From individual targets to nation-states, from individual hackers to full companies dedicated to malware, the media does not have a full picture and rarely reports well on cyberattacks. These are, however, considered to be the new battlefield between nations, corporations, and private individuals.

Major malware events are a historical reference point for security, as these are often first-time events, which redefine our understanding of malware to date.

Reflect and share: Have a look at your test answers — are there any concepts that you need to revisit from Week 4?