The management of prediabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension

Prof Chien will introduce the management of prediabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. All of them focus on lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.

Healthy eating patterns, including carbohydrate counting, regular meal times, physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and avoiding smoking, are recommended for prediabetes. In the management of hyperlipidemia, a diet high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, nuts, and non-tropical oils is encouraged, while reducing the intake of sweets, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages. To control fat intake, a reduction in saturated fat and trans fat is recommended, with an increase in monounsaturated fat and omega-3 fatty acids.

Next, Prof Chien will introduce the Mediterranean diet. For hypertension, weight loss and increased physical activity are crucial, along with the use of the DASH diet, reducing sodium intake, and increasing potassium, calcium, magnesium, and restricting alcohol consumption. To control metabolic syndrome, weight control and waist circumference, as well as maintaining serum glucose below 100 mg/dL, serum triglycerides below 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein levels over 40 mg/dL for men and over 50 mg/dL for women, and blood pressure below 135/85 mmHg are important.

Review Questions:

• What are the recommended lifestyle changes for managing prediabetes and hyperlipidemia?
• How does the Mediterranean diet play a role in the management of hypertension?
• What are the crucial factors in controlling metabolic syndrome?