Adeline Dutrieux
PhD student at the National Oceanography Centre of Southampton.
I am working on the Seafloor Massive Sulphides and their sedimentary surroundings occuring at the hydrothermal systems.
Tweet @AdelynNEMO
Location University of Southampton
Activity
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HI KN, Reduce, reuse and recycles are three of the five R rule. I've learned that we could add Refuse to the list, but also Rot. The last one is especially applying to the kitchen leftovers that could be so easily turned into compost, new ground or biofuel. If you leave in the countryside, you must be used to have your own compost pile.
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Hi Peter,
this is in the sediments. Surprising, isn't it ? I would have tought there were more species living in the shallower of sediments. The reason behind, is that there is less awarness on the biodiversity at those depths. Altough we find cold-coral reefs and other numerous species. -
Thank you Trevor!
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Hi Lynn, I am aware that waxed covers aren't as effective as cling film, unfortunately. In my daily life, I try to use as much as I can tupperware boxes, well sealable. I also occasionally use kind of vacuum pop covers on top of bowls or glasses. This may be an alternative to you too.
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Hi Sophie, it is very likely shell animals (mollusques mainly) live around too. We also find mussels and snails in freshwater and rivers.
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I hope you had an exciting day in the Whale Census. Any link available by any chance?
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Such a wonderful list of actions brought by all of you. It sure provides new ideas for the learners.
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Hi Marian, I've always heard they were caught directly from the wild. Here is a post from National Geographic. https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/03/160310-aquarium-saltwater-tropical-fish-cyanide-coral-reefs/
Be cautious however of how much we should trust the story. -
Burrow animals recover quite quickly after a tsunami. Also, a tsunami will shake and mix the sediments, and will, therefore, oxygenate the deepest layers.
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Exactly deep-sea locations are harder to reach and studying them require a robot with HD camera. Like that, we can learn about the seabed habitat mapping. I invite you to read this article about the biology found at more than 4000 m depth and in the middle of the Atlantic.
http://moocs.southampton.ac.uk/oceans/2018/09/19/understanding-cold-water-corals/ -
Don't forget to update your pictures on the padlet if you draw your marine animal.
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Well done Bob. I am impressed, I am more used to draw rocks for my part!
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Exactly. A lot of different ecology niches are available.
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to John Clarke
Hi John, Horseshoes crab and trilobite do seem similar and are arthropoda, however, they do not belong to the same subphyllum. Horseshoe crabs are closer to scorpions and spiders than trilobites themselves!
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Hi Ian, I would say that islands are particularly good for high diversity because of their relief/geomorphology, there are lots of different environmental, ecological niches. Hydrothermal activity is mostly on mid-oceanic ridges, not close to the coasts.
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Hi Catriona,
Biodiversity is particularly rich in regions with a tropical climate, such as the North Australia and Mariana Trench. Biodiversity is the highest also close to the coast.
I tried to look for a possible relationship between tectonic and biodiversity (such a good question!). Let's think ... tectonic is definitely one reason why biodiversity is... -
Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome everyone for this new week! Biology here we come!
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Not yet planned, but the ISA (international seabed authority) has delivered licenses for exploration to numerous countries. https://www.isa.org.jm/contractors/exploration-areas.
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HI Amanda, of course! I found this: http://www.geologyin.com/2014/06/pelagic-sediment.html.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/ooze
http://kremesti.com/water/silt_clay_mud.htmThe Britannica source says correctly. Although I would not call floating organisms as they eventually settle in the sediments :-).
A mud is a...
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Hi Marian, I tried to answer your questions. Below a certain depth (varying from 4200 to 5000 m), carbonate shells will dissolve. This is called the carbonate compensation depth.
The average depth of the deep-sea basins is about 6000 m in both oceans. The Atlantic is not particularly deeper or shallower than the Pacific but because the Atlantic is crossed by... -
Ooze characterizes a mud formed by accumulation of microorganism shells. The radiolarian and diatom are two different kinds of zooplankton, both precipitating silica for their external skeleton (shell). Afterwards, we have the carbonate ooze formed by coccoliths and foraminifera zooplankton, precipitating (guess what) carbonate for their skeleton.
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I didn't grow up close to the sea, but where I lived, it was on chalk terrain, from the Cretaceous. The purest one, also with beautiful fossils of urchins, crabs, belemnites, etc. I used to dive in the former quarries, and because of the geological nature of the environment, the water was turquoise with a milky and cloudy aspect.
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Plastic is definitely finding its fate in the sediments, "hidden" from the sight. The geological era/epoch representing the period when plastic was invented and started to accumulate in nature, some scientists call it the plastocene. The anthropocene is the current geological age (although more of a buzzword than an official epoch), viewed as the period...
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It would definitely affect the water quality and the sediments. The reed beds are used to clean and purify wastewater (sewage). The sediments after the reed beds would be most likely muddy due to a decrease in the energy and turbulence. Only small particles would cross through the reed beds to settle in the sediments. Also, this brings an additional organic...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I always loved this inverted map of the world : https://www.instructables.com/community/The-Inverted-Map/ . The oceans would be the continents and the continents the oceans!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome to this new course! I hope you will enjoy these three weeks as much as us mentors do. I won't lie, I learned a pretty good amount of new things too! I hope I will be of any help if anyone has some questions. In the meantime, if you want to learn even more on the ocean, and the marine sciences, feel free to stop by on this blog, with plenty of posts...
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Salyna D
@SalynaD Jellyfish is a common name given to any free-swimming cnideria (not sedentary). The portuguese man-of-war is one of them, but there are plenty others! https://blueocean.net/the-amazing-diversity-and-beauty-of-jellyfish/
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Luckily the rare earth metals are not found in the hydrothermal systems! But in polymetallic nodules in the deep sea plaines and ferromanganese crusts from seamounts and islands shore/atolls.
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I read that fascinating book written by Guillaume Pitron. Unfortunately it is in French, but I hope there is similar litterature in English too! "the war of rare metals: the hidden face of the energetic and numeric transition". https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/04/LECOEUVRE/58561
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Peter Dunlop
It seems that the salinity in the Dead Sea is the same at any depth! Because it is a closen lake with a high evaporation rate (explaining the high salinity), there is no currents and therefore the water mass could be heterogeneous. However, it is important to keep in mind that the waters are warmed at the surface by the all-year-round sun and the hot climate....
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
One of my favourite subject to study on this matter is the migration of pollution to Eastern countries (China for example) while in Occident we are increasing our sources of renewable energy. Where is the cobalt used in electric cars? 60% is mined in DRCongo. Where are the rare earth elements found in the turbines from windfarms and the solar panels? 95% come...
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to K N
Great! We will meet you there then!
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Fish do not chew - but swallow directly! There must be a sort of suction maybe?
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Salyna D
Hi Salyna, seastars are not fish (they don't have internal skeleton) but they are echinoderms, a class of invertebrate animals characterized by a symmetry of 5 (together with brittle stars and urchins). Both names are used but scientists prefer to use sea stars as it is more accurate! Then how should we call jellyfish, because they are not fish neither but...
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This is surely the most important threat on the Barrier Reef. However, we shouldn't underestimate other threats such as fishing, poor land-based water quality, etc. http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/our-work/threats-to-the-reef
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Hi Ute, a great question to ask! Surely it would. Here is a study investigating the man-made structures on the coast: https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-coastal-research/volume-30/issue-6/JCOASTRES-D-13-00137.1/Performance-of-Submerged-Prefabricated-Structures-to-Improve-Sand-Retention-at/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-13-00137.1.pdf. However, coral reefs are not...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I often go diving on coral reefs (Guadeloupe and Red Sea) and I wrote a blog post on the damages made by a hurricane in the Guadeloupe coral reefs, back in 2017 that fits well in this lecture: http://moocs.southampton.ac.uk/oceans/2017/11/16/2492/
Also, a blog post from Kathryn Robert, Memorial University of Newfoundland, has wonderful pictures of the cold...
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Salyna D
@SalynaD Hi Salyna, it seems to work for me now. In any case, here is the link: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/seagrass_worth_190_million_euros_per_year_to_mediterranean_fishing_410na6_en.pdf.
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Christiane Guinot
In french, cela inclut la "chasse" à pied (chercher les crabes, et autres coquillages).
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome to those who just started week 3! Plenty of discoveries ahead of us.
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Hi Kevin, mathematics is everywhere in science! They help to model theories and to predict the future. For example, there is a lot of maths in physical oceanography to study the currents path and changes. Plenty of formulas to understand the thermodynamics, or salinity, temperature, chemistry ...
Also, there is a lot of modelling of the marine ecology, to... -
Adeline Dutrieux replied to Christiane Guinot
Hi, bonjour, Christiane. Unfortunately for most of the readers, your article is in French (altough excellent). Therefore, I looked up and found the expedition to which your article relates: https://schmidtocean.org/new-undersea-maps-lead-hydrothermal-vent-discoveries/.
They went to dive with a ROV and found a new hydrothermal system along the north...
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I like the difference! I'll keep that in mind!
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Lisa Morley
I will keep an eye on it while I'll be diving in those regions!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
This article from the Guardian of the melting ice sheets and how it affects the sea level, with good schematics. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2018/sep/12/greenland-antarctic-ice-sheet-sea-level-rise-science-climate
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Hi Margaret, your comment intrigued me and I was thinking about the questions that remain unanswered in the field of marine and geological sciences. I therefore did a little bit of research and here what I have found:
- Where are the big magma chambers that produce huge super-eruptions?
- How stable is the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and what does it mean for... -
Adeline Dutrieux replied to Lee Scott
I would like to suggest you two articles, debating about the truth on the pink Himalayan sea salt: https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/pink-himalayan-sea-salt-an-update/
https://medium.com/@sollievorelief/myth-or-fact-the-truth-about-himalayan-pink-salt-revealed-20d7370a55a8 -
Hi Nikki,
Hornitoes are in this case indeed made of salt. The process is slightly different from a stalagmite, as a stalagmite is formed due to the drops coming from above the structure, and in our case, the hornitoes are building up the cone. Please note also that hornito in a geological term designs also the cones made of volcanic material. -
Adeline Dutrieux replied to Peter Dunlop
Hi Peter, this is an excellent question.
The reasons why there are places with a higher density, and others with lower density are numerous. First of all, density, or as we call in physical oceanography, volumic mass (in kg/m3 units), varies with the salinity (what it contains), the pressure and the temperature. The relations are those:
- If salinity... -
Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Have you ever wondered where are the largest tidal ranges in the world?
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/highesttide.html -
Hi Jane, yes the Gulf Stream is part of the Western branch of the North Atlantic gyre. The Gulf stream appears in along the coast of Florida and brings warm waters to the other side of the Atlantic, the coasts of Ireland, UK, France, etc.
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Oh, such an exciting expedition you've taken part in! I have crossed several papers on the FAMOUS expeditions in my work. This is an expedition that gave its name to a (famous) hydrothermal site where hydrothermal smokers are visible, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 45°N. However, the black smokers were not found at this time, as the expedition happened before...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
While Challenger was collecting her all new specimens, bathymetry data and realising the first geological map, she has also recovered the first metalliferous sediments (sediment with high content of metals such as Fe; Cu, Mn, etc.) that were later called hydrothermal sediments. The first documentation is provided by Murray and Renard (1891). They were the...
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@LeeScott I hardly imagine the unbelievable quantity of data we would collect in such an expedition in our century. The quality will be higher, as well as the collection speed!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome everyone! I am so excited to start this new run with you! I am a PhD student too based at the National Oceanography Centre. I am now in my fourth year, working on the metalliferous sediments occurring in the hydrothermal systems along the mid-oceanic ridges. I am particularly drawn to the exploration part of our deep oceans and the oases of life in the...
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Welcome back Lee! I hope we can count on you for your valuable input in the discussions ! And obviously that this new run will meet your expectations !
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I hope everyone enjoyed this course! Sadly it came to an end, but there is still a couple of weeks to read your interesting comments. If you didn't have enough with ocean science, I would recommend a similar course led by our colleagues from German institutes: https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:SDGAcademyX+OC001+3T2018/course/ (in English).
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Hi Lorenzo. We know still too little about the population itself. Therefore it is harder to predict their state of endangered.
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Realta Athru
Hi Realta. The evolution and adaptation are two different concepts. Evolution is a process and adaptation is a change. Actually, evolution brings adaptation. Adaptation is a change for the organism to respond better in his environment and its paramaters.
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@MaureenBowler Do you have a link of this moment Maureen?
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@ElisaBird these organisms need a specific environment: rich in metals, sulphurs and high temperature to live. So as soon as a vent stops smoking, the criteria are not met anymore.
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Sorry I meant, you will learn more about the plastic ocean, the microplastic particles, etc in the fourth week. Unfortunately, this course is not extending the subject on how to reduce waste, or for a better waste management. But I am certain other courses on FutureLearn are available. Also, I don't know in your country, but in mine (Belgium) numerous...
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In first instance, scientists have agreed to not touch the active hydrothermal vents for economic purposes because of the great biology ecosystem. However, the problem is well present for former hydrothermal vents (inactive mounds) where minerals are still, but not the organisms that have swam away already.
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I invite you the read this article I've seen on deep-sea mining by the BBC's David Shukman (2018) - The Secret on the Ocean Floor - really engaging and comprehensive coverage of the topic with some great graphics.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/deep_sea_mining -
It seems that National Geographic has updated its website, and the quizz could not be found anymore.
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Here are the 5R rule: Reduce, Reuse, Refuse, Recycle and Rot. And there are so many facebook or blogs where to find tricks and tips to avoid plastics as much as possible.
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Not enough people are aware of this tragedy - we must spread the word and explain the critical stage. Although the biggest changes will have to be made by governments laws, we can already act at an individual scale. Have you heard of the five R ? Reduce, Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Rot. You will learn more about it in the fourth week!
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I am all excited to be part of this marine exploration era! Hopefully I will bring discoveries!
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Scott Fessey
Hello Scott! This course is soon finished, but the discussion is still open until 22 October. I hope you will catch up soon!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome to the fourth and last week! It is time to approach and discuss of the biggest thematic related to our oceans and the relationship we have with them!
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Not all bacteria are dangerous. On the other way round, it would be unbelievable and a disaster to live in a bacteria-free environment.
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This is one of my favorite video! I am 100% ROV and so excited I was when I finally could join a ROV cruise. I even made a post that you could read here: http://moocs.southampton.ac.uk/oceans/2018/09/13/rov-dives-for-dummies/
It will tell you much more about how a ROV works!But deep in me, I really would love to go once in a human-occupied submersible!
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Danielle Ashby
I would agree with you. I've worked in a aquarium back in Belgium, and the garden eels were fed with little shrimps and artemia.
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
For those who may be interested in evolution and are close to Southampton, this Thursday, we will have a conference (open to everyone and free!) about the evolution in the Galapagos.: Why the Galapagos is special? https://www.noc.ac.uk/news/marine-life-talks-southampton-1 . I'll be there!
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Yes, this is the reasons!
“virentova” is the combination of the Latin, vireo (green) and ova (eggs), in reference to the green eggs of the new species. -
Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
We are still finding new species, again and again. Or we learn more about their distribution spatially and in depth. Recently, I was on a cruise around 50degrees North in the Atlantic Ocean, and we found a surprisingly large diversity of organisms at 5000 m depth. Check out this blog to learn more about it :)...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I recently found this interesting article about the whale that is the icon of the Natural History Museum! http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/news/2018/september/secret-history-of-hope-the-blue-whale-finally-revealed.html Her name is Hope!
Have you already seen her? -
I believe now math explanations have been made easier to understand, if you want to give a try. And we are here to help you if you're stuck on the way!
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Maybe it is not the sea level, but could it be an erosion effect? For example, the sea eroding the cliffs along the costs, very slowly but surely.
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Dorothee Komangapik
Thank you David for sharing your research.
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Alison Foyster
This is the case Alison. Over millions of years, rivers have eroded and dissolved rocks on their way (also creating valleys and canyons). For some elements, the period they stay dissolved in the oceans is very long before being removed or sinking towards the seafloor. This period is called the geochemical residence time. Na and Cl, the two components have very...
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Sue Baynes-Kempster
This is interesting to know for bird-watching ! The birds certainly prefer when the tide comes up with nice good food, and then afterwards, they may relax until the next coming tide. But maybe they also know when the spring waters are there (highest High tide) or they follow the movements of school of fish.
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
If you are interested by the currents and what they can bring to our society, other than yellow ducks, motorcycles, or trashed, I recommend you to read this article concerning the oil spill in Sanchi (Japon) last year: http://noc.ac.uk/news/coral-reefs-may-be-risk-sanchi-oil-tanker-contamination
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We let you having your own opinion by reading this debate : https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-somebody-finally-sett/ ;-)
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Gwynn Barton
Hello everyone. This course is up to date at every run. Sometimes some parts are cut, or replaced, or some parts are swapped with another week. Fortunately the missing part is not necessary to understand the content of the video. Enjoy!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome to week 2 ! I hope you will find this week as interesting as the first week!
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The collection has been spread over different museums... Royal Museum Greenwish, Natural Museums Scotland, Natural History Museum in London, Oxford, Manchester ... You can see the online museum here: https://www.hmschallenger.net/results?sort=1 . For the manganese nodules, few are in the Natural History Museum, some at the Bristol Museum or the Manchester...
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Could you try on a different wall, if you have tried only on one? And if it still doesn't work, you can post your picture link here with your message. It will be a pleasure for me to add it to the wall.
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The second week will introduce you to even more spectacular and intriguing sea creatures, such as the giant squid or the lantern fish.
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
This video has been recorded back few years ago. If you wish to hear some updates since then on the percentage of mapped ocean floor, read the blog post on our blog: http://moocs.southampton.ac.uk/oceans/2018/03/26/mapping-the-seafloor/. And this: https://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/printable_maps/gebco_world_map/ is the most incredible map I have ever...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
I am completely amazed by this expedition. This is by far the best scientific expedition, by the number of samples collected, new species identified and new discoveries. This is when they had dredged for the first time random rounded stones in the Pacific made of manganese oxide and other metals, first trace of a mineral resources.
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It does have some trouble with iPad. Maybe you could try on a different platform?
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Hello everyone! I am Adeline, and I am in my almost four year of PhD at the University of Southampton. For three years now I have learned the facets of the ocean, with a particularity on the seafloor and the mineral resources. I have the chance to take part in 4 cruises during my PhD. You can find some of the stories on the MOOC blog !...
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome everyone to Exploring Our Oceans ! I hope you will find this course full of discoveries! Never hesitate to ask questions, the mentors are there for you and glad to teach you more!
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Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Hi everyone, for those you are ahead, you will find wonderful articles written by my colleagues and I on the blog: http://moocs.southampton.ac.uk/oceans/ ! I've posted a new article this week!
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Brian Rogers
I am not sure I understand your question Brian. What I can say, is that a colder water will be denser and then tends to dive at depth. However, it has a critical temperature of 4 degrees C, which show the highest density, and therefore the temperature we will find a the deepest part of the ocean....
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Adeline Dutrieux replied to Jill Hind
Hi Jill,
the Kelvin waves are the waves produced by the combination between the tides and the Coriolis Force (produced by the tides, but moved by the Coriolis force), when they encounter a continent or any other coast (a topographic boundary). It is non dispersive, so it does not crash on the beaches but follow the coasts. It is a complex physical... -
Hi Jill, please find in my recent comment further reading that I hope, will help to understand the
terms. -
Here are some additional resources:
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI
* https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/coriolis-effect/
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wda7azMvabE
* http://www.dummies.com/education/science/environmental-science/what-are-prevailing-winds-and-the-coriolis-effect. -
Adeline Dutrieux made a comment
Welcome to week 2 for those who started these days! I hope you will enjoy discovering the fundamentals of any marine science!
