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Grading diabetic retinopathy: Who can do it?

Grading determines the level of disease present in the retina using a nationally agreed classification system and management protocols. Depending on the local setting, grading can be done by studying …

Working in partnership with diabetologists

Each person with diabetes is constantly managing their condition. However, they also need access to a comprehensive service that delivers across the whole care pathway, from diagnosis to management of …

Diabetic Eye Disease: Patient Care

This article is based on content provided by Razia Amin, Diabetes Specialist Nurse, UK. Diabetes is a complex and challenging condition to manage. Most people with diabetes have to make …

Planning DR services: Where to begin?

Planning in healthcare is a process that starts by establishing a clear picture (the baseline) of the existing situation. That is, the magnitude of the need and the available resources …

Guidelines for screening intervals

Yasmin was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 9 years ago when she was 42 years old. She had an eye test done about 5 years ago at a local hospital …

What screening tests are available?

The ideal diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening test has sensitivity of at least 80%, a specificity of at least 95% and a technical failure rate of less than 5% of images …

Opportunistic and systematic screening

As you read this article, consider which approach to screening is most suitable for your setting at present and what needs to be planned to manage diabetic retinopathy in your …