Course: Statistical Methods

Suppose there are n students in a statistics course group. We compare their birthdays (day and month) and ask how likely it is to have a birthday tie (that is, …

Which of the two events, A or B, is more likely? Likelihood of two events: A = {at least one 6 when rolling a single dice 4 times} B = {at least …

Suppose we roll two dice at a time and record the sum Y = X1 + X2 of the observed values X1 and X2. The possible values of the sum …

Using a suitable R code: Simulate a long sequence of coin tosses, encoding ‘heads’ as 1 and ‘tails’ as 0. Select weights to model a biased coin, e.g with a …

We have seen that the observed frequencies are subject to change from sample to sample, due to variability and randomness of data (real or simulated). Nevertheless, for large samples, the …

We have already seen that the relative frequency of observed 6s in most of the simulated instances of 100 dice rolls is close to the ‘fair’ share, 100/6 = 16.667. …

In this activity we will observe what will happen if we increase the number of simulated instances of random experiments.  You will see that simulations of long random sequences help …

To explore what we can expect in 100 rolls of a fair dice, we can set up a computer simulation to reproduce such random rolls. 3.1. R command  sample() The …

We have all met simple examples of random experiments in common board games, played by repeatedly rolling a dice, flipping a coin, spinning a roulette wheel, and so on. For …

The women’s heptathlon is a combined sports contest comprising seven events: 100-metre hurdles, high jump, shot put, 200 metres, long jump, javelin throw and 800 metres. It is one of …

A dataset comprising measurements of height (in inches) of 262 female and 117 male students at the University of Georgia was considered in Example of the reading Numerical summaries of …

Global warming is often attributed to human activities that produce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and other greenhouse gases. From the ‘Downloads‘ section in Step 2.13, download the zip folder and …

The next table shows the annual numbers of visitors for the top 10 most-visited museums in the world (refer to ‘See also’ section in the previous step). The same data …

You can input the data into RStudio from the following table or download/upload the .csv file provided in the zip folder in the ‘Downloads‘ section in Step 2.13 that lists …

This step continues from the content of the video Demonstration: Basics of RStudio for data summaries. In it, you will learn R codes for creating graphical summaries. This section covers …