Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites. Their general chemical structure includes a 15-carbon skeleton, which are formed into different rings. Flavonoids are widely distributed, fulfilling many functions, such as flower colouration, nitrogen fixation and floral pigmentation. They may also act as chemical messengers, physiological regulators, and cell cycle inhibitors.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids with a double bond at the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain, they are important for normal metabolism. Mammals are unable to synthesize them, but can obtain the shorter-chain omega-3 fatty acids through diet and use it to form the more important long-chain versions. Primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids are marine algae and phytoplankton, walnut, edible seeds and various oils from plants and fish.