Watch Ian Witten show how to load a dataset into Weka, and examine it. He explains instances, attributes, and nominal vs numeric attributes.
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Key concepts when talking about datasets are instances, attributes, and the class (which is conventionally the last attribute). Attributes can be nominal or numeric (there are also other types). In a classification problem the goal is to produce automatically some kind of model that can determine the class of new instances. These concepts are illustrated using the weather dataset.