Video – Questionnaire?

Questionnaire. This video will explain the key attributes of questionnaire which needs to be considered before distributing the questionnaire. Let us consider the research diagram. Questionnaire can be designed once the sample technique or the sample method has been selected. To incorporate with the research onion diagram, let’s assume the technique and procedures are decided, data collection, and the data analysis, time horizon to be considered whether to collect a cross-sectional data or a longitudinal data, and the research instrument. Our design in terms of whether it is an experiment, survey, archival research, case study, ethnography, action research, grounded theory, or narrative inquiry.

Once these processes are gone through, then methodological choice and a strategy allows to consider the appropriate method to apply on your particular research questions. Those methods could be mono-method quantitative, mono-method qualitative, multi-method quantitative, multi-method qualitative, mixed-method simple, or mixed-method complex. Once the methodological choice and a strategy design, then approaches can we choose whether inductive approach would be viable for a particular research study or a deduction approach would be taken. Philosophy, in terms of positivism and interpretivism, then can be laid out further. Research, strategy, and choice in quantitative studies is to seek to quantify data and applies some form of statistical analysis. It’s strongly dependent on seeking facts and external causes of social phenomena.

With little regards to the subjective states of individuals, help the researcher to understand what is happening and the frequency of happening or occurrence. Quantitative research method, survey strategies could be distributed into three categories. One can use one of them or maybe more than one, depending on the nature of research. Questionnaire can collect us the data via face-to-face, telephonic environment, online and postal collection as well. Depends on the type of questions to be asked and respondent characteristics. Each of them has their key attributes to consider which we will see later on this video. Systematic observation, recording, description, analysis, and interpretation of people’s behavior can also be automatic or manually done, depending on the data type.

Digital metrics, where the information relies on automation or computerized programming which can be done via clicks of participants, sites visited by the participant, number of likes, Google Analytics, and etc. Questionnaire technique of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. Those attributes could have fact and knowledge, attitudes and opinion, motives, past behavior, likely future behavior of participant. When to use the questionnaire, make sure the data collection method is the most appropriate to your research question. The most precise data collection method selection would allow research to go smoothly. Best for use in descriptive or causal research, not good for exploratory research with a large number of open-ended questions.

What are open-ended question? Will be discussed in next video. Discover customer attitude to quantify and identify difference within the sample. Link good with other research methods like mixed methods or multi-method approaches. Questionnaire to discover the customer attitudes, for example, plus in-depth interview to understand these attitude. Questionnaire data collection method, questionnaires are useful to gather information about a range of topic. Depending on the type of information you need, questionnaire types might differ. Telephonic interview, Internet, Google Docs, or various application form to fill in the form of questionnaire, postal interview or a questionnaire and face-to-face interview or a questionnaire. Types of questionnaire. Questionnaire can be divided into

two categories: Self-completed questionnaire, which is in the form of distribution. The distribution of questionnaire to the participant, participants fill that by themselves. Interview completed questionnaire, where the participants are required to answer the interviewer. Self-completed questionnaire could be based on Internet questionnaire or postal questionnaire, delivery and collection questionnaire method, whereas interviewer completed questionnaire could be done via telephonic questionnaire, or face-to-face questionnaire. Which method to use? What type of questions are you going to ask? Very personal questions work better in the form of postal questionnaire or via Internet questionnaire form. If the survey requires the respondent to watch a video before answering the question, then Internet questionnaire is the best.

How much time and money do you have would also depend on the questionnaire and the sampling techniques and sampling method you are proposing for your particular research. For example, for prediction of election outcome next week, perhaps, telephonic interview would go the best. What is the best way to get hold of your population? Not everyone has easy access to Internet. Hard to reach people. Hard to reach population. For example, in terms of face-to-face questionnaire and interview, where we have homeless and may require personal assistance for various reasons. Because of their different pros and cons, survey data methods are often

used as combined in various ways: postal, Internet, face-to-face, and telephony approaches can be combined one or two or many or all of it to collect the data. The section of the questionnaire should have introduction, qualifies the respondent as someone who belongs to the sample. The body or the content should have facts, knowledge, attitude, motives, and behavior-seeking questions. Demographic data may contain gender, age, occupation, income, education, and etc. in that attribute. Closure, making sure thanks to the participant and give contact details for further inquiry and to share the outcome of your research. The section of a questionnaire; initial questions should be used to engage in trust. Potential embarrassing questions should be left to last.

Overall questions should move from general to specific. Kind of funneling of question. All questions relating to a specific topic should be asked before moving to another topic. Questionnaire layout. Questionnaires should be easy to use. A badly constructed or printed questionnaire is likely to cause non-response or measurement error. As participant, do not engage fully with that. Design considerations include the

following: A letter needs to be included with the postal survey using good quality paper. Keep the body of the questionnaire as trim as possible. Using spacing to break up the text and improve its presentation. Use branching instruction to guide the respondent. Make it easy for the respondents to answer the questions. Questionnaire layout. Have few open question; closed ones, easier to answer. Have easy-to-follow design. Minimize risk of questions to be left out or complete withdrawal. Open questions allows participants to share their feeling. Closed questions are the questions when mostly can be answered in a specific way. Yes, No, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Keep it short; reduce risk of respondent fatigue.

Physical appearance has a significant effect on quantity and quality of data obtained. Avoid unnecessarily confusing layout that make it difficult for respondents to complete this task accurately. Questions should be clearly worded. Response options should be clearly identified.