Electron spin／電子のスピン
Electron spin／電子のスピン
Hi. In this step, we are here with Professor Kohei Itoh from Keio’s Faculty of Science and Technology. Hey, nice to see you again. Thank you. Nice to see you. Tell me what is spin? Spin! Okay it’s a – spin is like a tiny magnet. Okay And so each, for example electron has, is also a tiny magnet and magnetic, direction up or down can be defined if the electron spin is placed in the magnetic field. So spin up means that it’s pointing in the direction of the field. And the spin down means the other direction. And up and down can be, you know, uh, can be regarded as 0 and 1 state or 0 or 1 state, of bit number.
So we can use the spin of an electron as our qubit, as our 0 state or 1 state. That’s our state variable. And we can also do the same thing with the spin of a nucleus? So nuclear spin or nuclear nucleus also as a spin 0 up state or 1 down state. So we can use that as well. I see, so that gives us two different kinds of state variables.
電子はスピン（自転）という性質を持ってます。このスピンには特定の方向があり、それが磁場を形成します。仮に同じ方向を向いた電子がたくさんあれば、それらが大きな磁場を生じさせ巨大な磁石のように振る舞います。この動画では慶應義塾大学の伊藤公平教授が単一電子のスピンがどのように量子ビットとして利用されるのかを説明してくれます。
単一電子では、スピンの向きは周囲の磁場と同じ向きか反対方向に揃えられます。我々はこれをスピンアップ、スピンダウンとそれぞれ呼びます。以前量子もつれやベルペアの話題の時に紹介したケット表現では(vertuparrowrangle)と(vertdownarrowrangle)のように表すことができます。そしてこれらをそれぞれ(vert0rangle)状態と(vert1rangle)状態として利用することができるので、電子のスピンは量子ビットの表現として使用できるのです。
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