Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Figure 1: Maslow theory of needs. ©University of Reading
Maslow placed these needs in an order for one to be realised for the next to happen. Beginning with the foundational aspects of the basic needs – physiological and safety and eventually reaching the top of the pyramid to self-actualisation, which refers to a person reaching their fullest potential as a human being.Maslow’s theory has its supporters and its critics. The main criticism being that his theory isn’t based on rigorous empirical data, but more on philosophy. However, the theory still serves as a simple framework and helpful reminder, that all learners are less likely to be successful if their basic needs are not met. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can help focus on what children need, and to identify where there are gaps, for example, breakfast may be provided for children who come to school hungry.If you go through the details of the needs this may become clearer:- Physiological needs are about having the right nutrition and water, access to fresh air, enough rest and exercise.
- Safety needs are about security and feeling safe – physically and emotionally, the need to have shelter/a home and to have stability in one’s life.
- Belongingness and love and are to do with others, the social side of feeling that you belong, are connected, loved and included.
- Esteem needs concerns inner self – having feelings of achievement, being recognised, having power over one’s life and being a person different from another person.
- Self-actualization is to do with achieving one’s full potential, being creative and finding that specialness of oneself.
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