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2.4

# Example 1 : supercooled water

If the system is insulated (adiabatic), -10℃ H${2}$O$(l)$ (supercooled liquid) will be transformed to ice + liquid H${2}$O at 0℃. Calculate fraction of ice in the final mixture.

Basis : 1 mole of initial supercooled liquid.

• Since the system is adiabatic, Qp=ΔHtotal=0.
• In calculating enthalpy changes, take the reversible path. The enthalpy change of reversible path is the same with that of the original change since enthalpy is a state function.
• Regard the process as follows.

• Adiabatic : ΔHtotal=ΔH1+ΔH2=0

Meaning: the heat needed heating H2(l)from-10℃ to 0℃ is
provided by solidification of xmole of H2(l)from-10℃ to H2(s)0℃.
The latent heat is evolved from the solidification process.