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Over by Christmas?

After centuries of relying on the Royal Navy for its security, the most important change in how Britain fought the war was the decision by the Secretary of State for …

Lusitania riots

The war at sea affected civilians in important and notorious ways. The Royal Navy imposed a blockade on Germany which aimed to cut off not just military supplies but also …

Would Britannia always Rule the Waves?

At the turn of the twentieth century, Britain was by far the most powerful country in the world. In an age of imperialism, of conquest and plunder, the British empire …

German invasion of Belgium

After weeks of tensions following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, the trigger for Britain’s declaration of war on 4 August 1914 was Germany’s …

Spies and invasion fears

Beyond the media, popular culture reveals a lot about what people were preoccupied with, even if the books or music etc were not of great artistic merit. In Edwardian Britain, …